乔万青

申请信（application letter）是在求职和留学时常使用的一种信件，也是高考书面表达中的一个命题方向，实用性极强。其语言应该简洁、明确，如实地反映写信人的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。这种信既要令人印象深刻，又不能给人以浮夸不实之感，所以拿捏语言很重要。

[文章架构]

一般常用经典三段式谋篇布局：

首段简要说明信息来源，并陈述自己能胜任；

主体段要突出自身特点，彰显能力，具体说明胜任原因；

末段表明决心和希冀，并请求肯定答复。

[遣词造句]

1. 常用词汇

（1） 话题词汇

掌握与申请信相关的话题词汇是必须的，这是信件成功的基础。如：

advertisement；position/post，apply for/application/applicant，candidate/consult，inquire/enquire，thankful/appreciative/grateful，interview；communicate，opportunity，major in/graduate from，be good at .../do well in .../be experienced in .../be well acquainted with .../have a good knowledge/command/understanding of ...，in ones spare/free time，consider/take ... into consideration，look forward to ...。

（2） 衔接词汇

和其他书面表达一样，书信也需要“起”“承”“转”“合”的词汇来实现完美衔接过渡。对于申请信来说，尤其需要用于“承”的过渡词。如：

in addition （to），additionally，besides，furthermore，moreover，whats more，certainly，obviously，indeed，especially，particularly，in particular，truly，in fact，not only ... but also ...，as well as。

2. 常用句式

（1） 开篇句式

Im writing to inquire about the possibility of ...

Im writing this letter to express my interest in ...

Im writing to apply for the post/position as ...

Im writing to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for ...

Im writing to tell you that Im suitable for the job you are advertising ...

（2）主体段句式

Im good at ...， especially ...

Not only do I have a good understanding of ...，but also I am well acquainted with ...

Approachable and helpful， Im easy to get along with.

Young as I am， I have much relevant experience in ... and ...

Im hardworking and dedicated， enjoying ...

（3）末段句式

I hope you will be kind enough to consider my application.

I would appreciate it a lot if you could offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.

Thank you for your consideration and Im looking forward to getting your favorable reply.

Giving me the chance， youll never regret having made the decision.

3. 写作模板

Dear Sir or Madam，

When learning from the advertisement/newspaper that ，I feel really interested in and I am writing to apply .（信息来源，并说明自己感兴趣）

Im ， a year old ， who . Im good at ， especially . Furthermore， not only do I have a good knowledge of ， but also I am well acquainted with . Most importantly， I enjoy and have much experience in . Undoubtedly， I am a suitable candidate for . （个人情况介绍，能胜任的原因）

Thank you for your consideration and Im looking forward to your favorable reply. （表明期望）

Yours truthfully，

[习作点评]

我们来看看这样一道题目：

假如你叫李华，今年的中国国际旅游节下个月将在你们城市举行，组委会拟招聘一些高中生担任导游，你打算应聘。根据下列内容写给组委会一封信。

1. 自我介绍（年龄、性别）；

2. 英语水平（口语表达能力等）；

3. 特殊优势（相关经历、对当地景点的了解、沟通能力）；

4. 你的承诺。

注意：120字左右；所给内容不计入总字数；

可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

习作一

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im very glad to know that China International Tourism Festival will be held in our city next month. Id like to be an English tour guide for the festival.

①My name is Li Hua. Im a boy of 18. Im a senior 3 student in a local school. I believe I can do a good job for the festival. First of all， ②Im good at English and I can speak English fluently. Secondly， ③Im fond of traveling and Ive worked as an English tour guide at several great festivals before. Most importantly， ④I know our local tourist spots quite well and Im good at communicating with others.

I promise Ill try my best to offer my best service to the travelers from all over the world. I would be happy if I could be chosen as a tour guide.

Looking forward to your early reply.

truthfully，

Li Hua

这是一篇四档习作。按照高考改卷中对第四档习作的给分标准，本篇书面表达有如下优点：

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖所有主要内容，即试题中呈现的要点：自我介绍（self-introduction）， 英语水平（English level）， 特殊优势（special advantages over others）以及承诺（promise）。

2. 文中运用的衔接词First of all， Secondly， Most importantly使得文章层次分明，全文结构紧凑。

3. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，达到了预期的写作目的。尤其是表明能力的时候，分别用了Im good at ... 和 Im fond of ... ，尽量避免了重复表达。

这篇习作虽然具有上述可取之处，但仍然存在一些不足：

文章单句较多，并且多采用并列句，使得文章句式单一；高级词汇和高级句式的使用很乏力，显得文字驾驭能力一般。所以，可以进行信息的适当整合，使得句子表达更有完整性。如：

文中①处三个简单句其实可以构成一个完整意群，属于个人基本信息介绍，完全可改成Im Li Hua， a boy of 18， （who is） a senior 3 student in a local school.或者My name is Li Hua， an 18-year-old senior 3 boy student in a local school. 这样更简洁、完整。

文中②处是由and连接的并列句，主语相同， 可以采用形容词短语作状语来增强句子的表达，即：Good at English， I can speak English quite fluently。

文中③处也是由and连接的两个并列句，属于个人爱好和经历，可以用上not only ... but also ...句式。即：Not only am I fond of traveling but also Ive worked as an English tour guide at several great festivals before. 这样兼顾了信息和高级句式。

文中④处也存在②③处的问题，但为使表达灵活多变，同时增加信件本身的说服力，可以补充申请者是“当地人”这一信息，同时用现在分词作状语含蓄体现了申请者“优秀的沟通能力”，让习作内外兼修（既体现要点，又美化表达）。即：As a native of this city， I know our local tourist spots quite well， making it easier for me to fully display my excellent ability of communicating with others.

修改之后习作如下：

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im very glad to know that China International Tourism Festival will be held in our city next month. Id like to be an English tour guide for the festival.

My name is Li Hua， an 18-year-old senior 3 boy student in a local school. I believe I can do a good job for the festival. First of all， good at English， I can speak English quite fluently. Secondly， not only am I fond of traveling but also Ive worked as an English tour guide at several great festivals before. Most importantly， as a native of this city， I know our local tourist spots quite well， making it easier for me to fully display my excellent ability of communicating with others.

I promise Ill try my best to offer my best service to the travelers from all over the world. I would be happy if I could be chosen as a tour guide.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Truthfully，

Li Hua

习作二

Dear Sir or Madam，

Knowing that China International Tourism Festival will be held in our city next month， I cannot wait to apply to be an English tour guide for the festival.

I am Li Hua，① an 18-year-old boy student in a local high school. As an English lover，②not only do I have a good knowledge of this language， but also I have developed a great fluency in it. Additionally， Ive worked as an English tour guide before，③accumulating much experience and knowing how to communicate with tourists. ④What matters most is that I， brought up here， am well acquainted with local tourist spots and traditional customs， ⑤which makes me a perfect choice.

I promise Ill spare no efforts to offer my best service to the travelers and youll never regret having approved my application.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Truthfully，

Li Hua

这是一篇五档习作，学生实际得分23.5分（扣除卷面分）。按照高考改卷中对第五档习作的给分标准，本篇书面表达有如下优点：

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖所有内容要点，即试题中呈现的要点。

2. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分（如：not only…but also， additionally），使全文结构紧凑，一气呵成。

3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，具备很强的语言运用能力。

词汇表达精炼到位，神形兼备。如：cannot wait to ...，as an English lover， developed a great fluency，accumulate much experience， be well acquainted with，spare no efforts，regret having approved。

高级语法结构，如①处同位语，②处倒装句，③处分词做状语，④主语从句，⑤非限定性的定语从句的准确使用，使得文章顿时全面升级，显示了这位同学扎实的基本功和超强的文字驾驭能力。本文不仅完全达到了预期的写作目的，更是一篇高分习作。