膨胀蛭石偶联的羟基封端硅橡胶及其阻燃性能优化研究
2016-05-19郭东杰王彦辉白宝丰闫春绵史波方
郭东杰 王彦辉 白宝丰 闫春绵 史波 方少明
摘要:以羟基封端硅橡胶为主体、高温膨胀蛭石(EV)为添加剂、四乙氧基硅为偶联剂,经两步缩合反应制备了蛭石/硅橡胶复合弹性体(EV-PDMS),并对其阻燃性能进行了研究.经分别用全反射衰减红外光谱、水接触角、扫描电子显微镜对制备物进行测试,结果表明:膨胀蛭石的片状晶体均匀地分散于硅橡胶的内部,它们之间形成了稳定的Si—O—Si共价键,掺杂后的EV-PDMS弹性体表面维持了高度的憎水性能.力学性能测试表明:60份EV掺杂后,拉伸强度、杨氏模量、邵氏硬度分别增加至添加前空白PDMS弹性体的4.50倍、1.97倍、2.17倍.燃烧实验表明:添加5份的十溴联苯醚和5份的氢氧化铝,蛭石/硅橡胶弹性体的阻燃性能可达到FV-0级,极限氧指数可达69.5%.
Abstract:Expanded vermiculite (EV) doped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) (EV\|PDMS) was prepared through two steps of condensation reactions,in which hydroxyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) was as main part,high temperature EV was as additive,and tetraethoxy\|silicane (TEOS) was as coupling agent.And the flame reatardant performance of EV\|PDMS was studied.Detections of attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrum (ATR\|IR),water contact angle,and scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that,EV flakes homogeneously dispersed into PDMS,and crosslinked with PDMS through Si—O—Si covalent bonds; the resultant EV\|PDMS elastomer maintained a highly hydrophobic surface.Mechanical properties revealed that,after addition of 60 copies EV,tensile strengths,Youngs moduli,and Shaos hardness respectively increase to 4.50,1.97 and 2.17.Combustion tests revealed that,after addition of 5 copies of decabromodiphenyl oxide (DeDBE) and 5 copies of aluminum hydroxide,flame retardant properties of EV\|PDMS reached to FV\|0 class,and their limited oxygen indexes (LOI) reached to 69.5%.
0引言
高温条件下,高聚物普遍存在自燃、分解并释放毒气等隐患,阻燃剂、抑烟剂、稳定剂等填料的掺杂是消除隐患的通用方法.缩合型硅橡胶是由以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为线性主链,羟基、烷氧基为末端官能团的羟基封端硅橡胶(PDMS-OH),与硅烷偶联剂发生缩合反应后形成的三维网状高分子弹性体[1].由于主链为具有阻燃性能的Si—O—Si基团,所以硅橡胶弹性体具备一定的自阻燃性能[2-3].但硅橡胶侧链甲基、苯基等有机基团的存在,使其在明火条件下仍然可能燃烧.因此,为满足硅橡胶的多方面应用,还需要对其进行适当的改性.美国道康宁Sylgard 系列184,186等硅橡胶掺杂了具有阻燃性质的白炭黑,既提升了阻燃性能,又增强了……