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黄河防汛防浪林的树种改良

2016-05-14马江林徐雁飞

中华建设科技 2016年9期

马江林 徐雁飞

【摘要】在黄河堤防工程上,传统的生物防护措施主要是柳树,黄河防浪林主要采用旱柳,但自2010年起,旱柳遭受天牛虫害严重,工作人员通过药物治疗不理想,故通过分析讨论旱柳、垂柳受天牛虫危害的差异及其产生差异的原因,觉得对旱柳进行嫁接垂柳的方式进行品种改良。通过实践证明,改良后的树种结合了垂柳、旱柳两树种的优点,对提高树株抗病虫害能力、延长树株生长年限、改善工程面貌、增加黄河防汛鲜树枝储备量、增强防浪效果及美化济南生态环境等方面起到了积极作用,具有较高的实用价值。

【关键词】黄河堤防;防浪林;虫害;树种改良

【Abstract】In the Yellow River embankment project, the traditional biological protection measures are mainly willow, the Yellow River wave forest mainly dry Salix, but since 2010, dry Liu suffered severe pest insects, the staff through the drug treatment is not ideal, so through the discussion Dry willow and weeping willow were affected by the differences and the reasons for the differences, I feel the willow willow weeding willow varieties of the way to improve. It was proved by practice that the improved tree species combined with the advantages of weeping willow and dry willow trees could improve the ability of resisting pests and diseases, prolonging the growth period of trees, improving the project appearance, increasing the reserves of flood control fresh branches of the Yellow River, Landscaping Jinan ecological environment has played a positive role, with high practical value.

【Key words】Yellow River embankment;Wave-resistant forest;Pest;Improved tree species

1. 前言

1.1在黄河堤防工程上,传统的生物防护措施主要是柳树,大多是旱柳和垂柳。柳树在防风固沙、水土保持、干旱地和盐碱地改造、工业用材、城市园林绿化等方面占有重要地位,发挥了巨大的生态、经济和社会效益;同时,因柳枝抵御水流冲刷和推移质磨损的能力强,整体性好且能适应河床变形,水下防腐能力较好,便于水下施工且易于补充修复,故其成为柳石枕的主要材料,在我国劳动人民与黄河及其他河流洪水作斗争的过程中发挥了很大的作用。

1.2但是,自2010年~2013年,黄河防浪林遭受严重的天牛虫害,受害植株范围逐年增加,并且出现植株上部枯死现象,使树势衰弱,树枝、树干上半部分甚至大半部分树杆枯死,使防浪林的美化效果、堤防工程生物防护功能严重下降,黄河防汛鲜树枝储备严重匮乏,同时也严重影响了社会生态效益。……

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