1. attack vt. 袭击；攻击；（用语言或文字）猛烈抨

击，非难；侵袭；侵蚀；进攻

They attacked this village during the night.

他们在夜间袭击了这个村庄。

My friend was attacked by a young man while walking home alone.

我的朋友独自回家时遭到了一个年轻人的攻击。

She has been attacked for ignoring her son.

她因漠视自己的儿子而受到责难。

Scientists find a new disease that will attack mans brain.

科学家发现了一种会侵袭人类大脑的新的疾病。

Spain attacked more in the second half.

西班牙队在下半场加强了攻势。

attack n. 袭击；攻击；辱骂；抨击；（疾病的）突然发作

The planes began their attack on the city.

飞机开始攻击这个城市。

The city came under attack during the night.

这座城市在夜间遭到了袭击。

He is recovering from an attack of flu.

他的流行性感冒快好了。

attacker n. 进攻者；袭击者

I didnt really see the attacker.

我没有看清楚袭击我的人。

2. frightening adj. 吓人的；引起恐惧的

Its frightening to think that this kind of thing will happen again.

想到这类事情可能再发生就让人不寒而栗。

frighten v. 使惊吓；使恐吓

frightened adj. 惊吓的；受惊的

注意：frightening和frightened的区别

frightening表示某物使人产生害怕的情绪，主语是物；frightened表示某人处于害怕的状态，主语是人。

The idea of death is frightening to most people.

死的想法对于大多数人来说都是可怕的。

He was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.

他害怕从高楼顶部往下看。

3. exist vi. 存在

Does life exist in other planet？

其他行星上有生命吗？

exist on 靠……生活/生存

It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.

他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。

existence n. 存在；实有

came into existence 存在

existent n. & adj. 存在（或实有）的事物；存在的；实有的

existing adj. 现存的；现行的

4. calm adj. 平静的

Although she was shocked by this news， her voice was surprisingly calm.

虽然这个消息让她很震惊，但她的声音却出人意料的平静。

You must try to be calm.

你必须设法冷静下来。

calm v. 使平静；使镇静

They did what they could to calm her.

他们尽力使她平静下来。

calm down （使）平静；镇静；安静

He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.

他深深吸了几口气，让自己冷静下来。

calmness n. 平静；冷静；镇静

It would be wise to deal with these problems with calmness.

冷静地处理这些问题才是明智的。

calm n. 平静的时期；宁静的状态

I like the calm of the summer evening.

我喜欢夏日夜晚的宁静。

the calm before the storm 暴风雨前的平静

calmly adv. 平静地；冷静地；镇静地

She recovered from her surprise， and answered calmly.

她从惊慌中恢复过来，并且镇静地给予了回答。

5. cover vt. 占地（多大面积）；足以支付；包括；

覆盖，遮盖

The city covered ten square miles.

这座城市占地五平方英里。

The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.

这个讨论涵盖了广泛的内容。

Dust covered all the furniture.

所有的家具都覆盖了灰尘。

cover n. 封面；盖子，套子；遮盖物，隐蔽处

read form cover to cover 从头看到底

take cover 藏身；躲藏

under cover 保密；秘密地

6. disappear vi. 不见；消失

When spring comes， the snow disappears.

春天来临时，积雪全都不见了。

Lets hope that our difficulties will soon disappear.

希望我们的苦难很快就会消失。

disappearance n. 消失；失踪；不见

We were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of the guide.

对于导游的突然消失，我们感到很疑惑。

7. fortune n. 运气；命运；财富；大笔的钱，巨款

Fortune smiled on me.

我交了好运。

You dont have to spend a fortune to give your family tasty and healthy meals.

让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花多少钱。

fortunate adj. 幸运的

fortunately adv. 幸好/幸运地

8. die out 灭绝；不复存在；熄灭

Tribes and tribal customs died out centuries ago.

部落和部落文化在几个世纪前就消亡了。

The fire died out.

火熄灭了。

注意：die out/die for/die off/die away/die down的区别

die out意为“灭绝，不复存在”；die for意为“迫切想要某物或做某事”；die off意为“一个接一个死去；相继死去”；die away意为“逐渐减弱；逐渐消失”；die down意为“逐渐变弱；逐渐平息”。

The practice of children working in factories has nearly dies out.

工厂中使用童工的做法几乎绝迹。

He is dying for the book.

他很想要这本书。

As she got older and older， her relatives all died off.

随着她越来越老，她的亲属都相继去世了。

The sound of the music died away.

音乐声渐渐消失了。

When the applause had died down， she began her speech.

掌声平息后她便开始演讲了。

9. due to 由于；因……造成；归功于

Her absence was due to heavy traffic.

由于交通堵塞她缺席了。

This situation was in part due to financial difficulties.

这种情况部分是由经济困难造成的。

due to sb 应支付/应给予/归功于某人

due （for） sth 应有/应得到某物

due to do sth 预定/预期/预计做某事

10. go for 挑选，选择；试图得到，努力争取；批评；

喜欢，被……吸引；适用于

When you offer him apples he always goes for the biggest one.

你给他苹果时，他总是挑选最大的。

I hear that you are going to go for that job.

我听说你准备去争取那份工作。

My mother went for me when she knew that I told a lie.

我妈妈在得知我说谎后狠狠地骂了我一顿。

Do you go for Chinese food？

你喜欢中国食物吗？

What I said about Peter goes for you， too.

我说的有关彼得的话也适用于你。

go about 着手；从事

go after 追逐；追求

go against 违背；反对

go along 继续；进行

go along with 赞成；支持

go around 传播

go on 发生；进行；继续

go through 遭受；经历；仔细检查；审查；（法律等）

被通过

There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. —Balzac

没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。 ——巴尔扎克