屠艳拉， 肖芳， 张敬泽*， 卢启强, 汪乐福

(1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所,杭州 310058；2.乐清市农业局，浙江 乐清 325600)



发生在铁皮石斛栽培田中的2种“黏菌病”

屠艳拉1,2， 肖芳1， 张敬泽1*， 卢启强2, 汪乐福2

(1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所,杭州 310058；2.乐清市农业局，浙江 乐清 325600)

摘要2011年在浙江省乐清市铁皮石斛栽培田中发现了2种“黏菌病”，它们影响植株的正常生长。通过光学显微镜、超微结构观察、孢子萌发试验和18S核糖体序列比较分析，它们分别被鉴定为美发菌[Comatricha pulchella (C. Bab.) Rostaf.]和煤绒菌[Fuligo septica (L.) Wigg.]。美发菌子实体较小，具柄，高度大约2.2 mm，孢囊圆柱形，密集的产生在植物茎、叶表面。煤绒菌整个子实体是一个大型的复囊体，垫形到不规则形，长达15 cm，子实体可覆盖整个植株丛。这2个种都是浙江新记录种。该发现补充了浙江菌物资源，亦为中国黏菌地理分布和多样性研究积累了基础资料。

关键词美发菌； 煤绒菌； 新记录种； 浙江省

Two “myxomycete diseases” occurred on cultivated fields of Dendrobium candidum.JournalofZhejiangUniversity(Agric. &LifeSci.), 2016,42(2):137-142

TU Yanla1,2, XIAO Fang1, ZHANG Jingze1*, LU Qiqiang2, WANG Lefu2

(1.InstituteofBiotechnology,CollegeofAgricultureandBiotechnology,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310058,China; 2.AgricultureBureauofYueqingCity,Yueqing325600,Zhejiang,China)

SummaryDendrobiumCandidum(Orchidaceae) is an aerophyte cultivated widely in Zhejiang Province as traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Two “myxomycete diseases”, which affected the growth of plants, were found in cultivated fields ofD.candidumin Yueqing City of Zhejiang Province in 2011. Two “pathogens” were identified asComatrichapulchella(C. Bab) Rostaf. andFuligoseptica(L.) Wigg. by morphological characters and molecular data, including light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, spore germination and analysis of 18S rDNA sequences. Sporocarps ofC.pulchellawere stipitate and gregarious, with about 2.2 mm in total height and cylinder-shaped sporangia, intensively distributed on the plant stem and leaf surface; its dense capillitium arose from the entire columella and dark spores in mass (7.2-8.0 μm in diameter). Whereas, the sporocarp ofF.septicawas a large scale cushion-shaped or irregular type aethalium, with up to 15 cm in length and the colors of the outer peridium in the spore-bearing stage, which could cover the whole cluster of the plants. White, stipitate and young sporangia were observed on young leaves and stems ofD.Candidumafter 15 d of inoculation withC.pulchella, and the mature sporangia were observed after 20 d of inoculation. Whereas, no sporocarp was observed on young leaves and stems ofD.Candidum, but yellowish sporocarps produced on the substrate near the root after 15 d of inoculation withF.septica; with development of the sporocarp, the color became opalescent, and large sporocarps were observed after 30 d of inoculation, which covered the basal part of stems. The artificial inoculation results showed that both the myxomycetes could not infect the living plants. To the best of our knowledge, the two species both were the new record in Zhejiang Province. The discovery ofC.pulchellaandF.septicaenriches the fungal resources of Zhejiang Province and also provides fundamental materials to further study on geographical distribution and diversity of myxomycete in China.

Key wordsComatrichapulchella(C. Bab.) Rostaf.;Fuligoseptica(L.) Wigg.; new record species; Zhejiang Province

黏菌(myxomycete， plasmodial slime molds)是主要在土表和杂草中取食原生生物、细菌和真菌的土壤变形虫。它们广泛存在，已描述的分类单元超过1 000个[1]。黏菌以复杂的生活史为特征，可分为二倍体和单倍体阶段。2个单倍体变形虫鞭毛体融合形成一个二倍体原生质团，在某个时候，隐藏的原生质团从土壤里重浮出表面，扩展到碎石或下部分枝或其他植被，在植物表面形成子实体；原生质体能达到明显的大小，产生子实体位点的表面可能被覆盖半透明到奶油色或淡黄色黏液[2]；子实体变干，释放孢子不是通过机械机制，就是通过风、雨、昆虫等被动机制。……