李春雷+王海泽+门福强

摘 要：通过详细研究不同施肥时期对玉米生长的影响规律，以期为玉米生长季节合理施肥提供理论依据。试验在田间条件下，设置T1：对照；T2：基肥60 kg·hm-2，拔节期追肥90 kg·hm-2；T3：基肥60 kg·hm-2，大喇叭口期追施90 kg·hm-2；T4：基肥60 kg·hm-2，孕穗期追施90 kg·hm-2 4个处理，小区试验设计，3次重复。结果表明，T3株高最高，高于对照69.55 cm，差异显著，T2、T4处理与对照之间无显著差异；叶片长度T3最高，高于T4处理2.74 cm，无显著差异，两个处理显著高于对照，T2与对照之间无显著差异；施肥可以促进玉米根系数量增加，成熟期3个施肥处理根系数量均显著高于对照，其中T3处理处于最高值；根系鲜重T3高于对照7 223.20 kg·hm-2，差异显著，T4、T3之间无显著差异，T2显著低于T3处理。综合分析认为，T4处理效果最佳，玉米生长期追肥最宜在大喇叭口期。

关键词：追肥；玉米；生长

中图分类号：S513 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969·j.issn.1006-6500.2016.04.028

Abstract： Through detailed study the law of effect of different topdressing stage on Zea mays L.growth which for provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization in corn growing season. Tests under field conditions， set 4 treatment as T1∶CK；T2： base fertilizer 60 kg·hm-2， Jointing dressing 90 kg·hm-2；T3： base fertilizer 60 kg·hm-2， large bell topdressing 90 kg·hm-2；T4： base fertilizer 60 kg·hm-2， booting stage 90 kg·hm-2， plot experimental design with three replications. The results showed that：T3 plant height Maximum and which was higher than control 69.55 cm and it was have significant difference， T2 and T4 treatment was have no significant difference with control； leaf length which was T3 treatment highest and then it was higher than t4 treatment 2.74 cm that it was no significant difference， these two treatment significantly higher than the control， T2 was no significant difference between the control；fertilization can promote the increase of the number of corn roots， when in mature the root numberwere significantly higher than the control which was the three fertilizer treatments， the T3 treatment was highest；root fresh weightwhich was higher than control 7 223.20 kg·hm-2 that in T3 treatment and was have significant difference，there was no significant difference between T4 and T3 treatment， T2 was significantly lower than T3 treatment. Comprehensive analysis that T4 treatment best， corn growing in the most appropriate dressing large bell.

Key words： topdressing； corn； growth

玉米是黑龙江省重要的粮食作物之一，也是黑龙江各主要农场主要栽培的经济作物，成为了当地农业企业以及农民收入的主要来源经济作物[1]。长期以来，由于玉米栽培种粗放的管理方式以及施肥方式，严重的影响了玉米的产量和品质的提高[2]，同时，由于生产中不合理的施肥方式也导致玉米栽培中肥料利用率低下，经济效益相对比较低[3]，同时也导致了大量的氮肥淋失，使得土壤和地下水遭受污染[4]，一定程度上不利于环保生态农业的发展，因此，探索玉米合理的施肥方式，提高玉米栽培中的施肥经济效益具有重要的现实意义。关于施肥对不同品种玉米生长的影响部分学者进行了初步的研究工作，徐敏云等[5]在对青贮玉米的研究中发现，施肥对玉米株高、鲜质量促进效果非常显著，对提高产量具有显著的促进作用；……