金方伦　黎明　韩成敏　张发维　敖学熙

摘 要：6个引进的桃新品种在本地区试种，能够正常开花结果。于2012—2015年调查各品种的物候期、植物学特性、经济性状和抗逆性等内容进行比较。结果表明：6个桃品种在当地科学管理条件下，表现好的品种有新川中岛和艳红桃等2个品种，其树势表现为较强和强，萌芽率为55.82%和55.81%，成枝率为28.39%和23.26%，叶片大小为17.1 cm×4.2 cm和19.5 cm×5.0 cm，花的大小为4.8 cm×4.7 cm和4.8 cm×4.9 cm，座果率为43.19%和26.66%，成熟期为7月中下旬和7月下旬—8月上旬，平均单果质量为195.5 g和216.9 g，含糖量为13.5%和15.8%，单株产量为41.3 kg和43.1 kg，果实可食率为94.35%和93.81%，都表现为适应性强。从综合比较结果看，新川中岛品种表现最好，其次是艳红桃品种，由此建议在当地自然资源条件下加上配套的栽培技术措施，新川中岛和艳红桃2个品种可在本地区适量发展。

关键词：桃；品种；引种；优良性状；研究

中图分类号：S662.1 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.04.027

Abstract： After the trial of six peach varieties in the region ， they behaved normally. In 2012— 2014， various varieties of phenophase， botany characters， economic characters and resistance were surveyed. Results showed that the six varieties under the condition of local scientific management， good varieties were the Xingchuanzhongdao Peach and Yanhongtao peach， and its tree potential appeared to be stronger and strong， the germination rate was 55.82% and 55.81%， branch rate was 28.39% and 23.26%， the blade size was 17.1 cm × 4.2 cm and 19.5 cm × 5.0 cm， the size of the flower was 4.8 cm × 4.7 cm and 4.8 cm × 4.9 cm， fruit-set rate was 43.19% and 26.66%， and the mature period for mid to late July and late July to early August， the average weight was 195.5 g and 216.9 g， sugar content was 13.5% and 15.8%， the yield was 41.3 kg and 43.1 kg， edible fruit rate was 94.35% and 93.81%， they characterized by strong adaptability. Looking from the comprehensive comparison results， the Xingchuandao Peach breed was the best， followed by the Yanhongtao peach cultivars， which suggested that under the condition of the local natural resources and form a complete set of cultivation technical measures， the Xingchuandao and Yanhongtao varieties can be moderate development in this area.

Key word：peach；variety；introduction；excellent characters；research

桃（Amygdalus persica Linn）是一种果实作为水果的落叶小乔木，花可以观赏，果实多汁，可以生食或制桃脯、罐头等，核仁也可以食用。我国是桃的原产地和演化中心，蕴藏有极为丰富的种质资源。桃果品产量已经成为世界果树之首，是我国第三大落叶果树，它适应性强，结果早，易丰产，收益快，深得广大栽培者的喜爱；又由于它的果形、果色美观，营养丰富，汁多而甜，深受广大消费者的欢迎，桃还可以加工成各种制品，增加了贮运性和商品性。加上桃树的适应性强，抗逆力较强，且在农业种植业中效益比较高，是开发荒山、荒地、滩地，发展山区经济的优良果树之一[1-3]。……