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棉花枯萎病菌培养条件的研究

2016-04-20刘冬梅

天津农业科学 2016年4期

刘冬梅

摘 要:以棉花枯萎菌为试验材料,研究不同温度、pH值对枯萎菌菌落生长速度和菌丝生长状态的影响,目的在于进一步了解枯萎菌的极限生长条件,以期明确棉花枯萎病菌生理生态特性,为棉花枯萎病的检疫检测和综合治理提供依据。结果表明,供试菌株的最适生长温度为28 ℃,最高极限生长温度为35 ℃,最低极限生长温度为10 ℃。在25~28 ℃范围内菌落生长速度无明显变化,但生长状态有变化。温度为34 ℃时,生长受到明显抑制。供试菌株生长的最适pH值为7~12,最高极限生长pH值为13,最低极限生长pH值为4。

关键词:棉花;枯萎菌;培养条件;温度;pH

中图分类号:S562 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.04.026

Abstract: In order to study the effects of different temperature and pH on the rate of mycelium growth and conidia production, Anyang Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectumusing was used as experimental material.The purpose is to shed light on the utmost limit of growth condition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, make clear the physiological and ecological properties of it and provide foundations for quarantine detection and comprehensive treatment. The results showed that the range of temperature was from 10 ℃ to 35 ℃ for the mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, and the optimum temperature was 28 ℃.There was not a distinct variations on the rate of mycelium growth at the range from 25 ℃ to 28 ℃,but growth state had some variations. Growth was inhibited obviously at the temperature of 34 ℃, pH was from 4 to 13,with the optimum being 7 to 12.

Key words: cotton;Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum;culture condition;temperature;pH

棉花枯萎病是重要土传病害,由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium owysporum f.sp. vasinfecturn)引起 [1-3]。棉花枯萎病是世界性病害,给棉花生产造成严重损失[4]。棉花枯萎病菌是植物病害中系统浸染、土壤传播、抗逆性强、致病性变异较大的病原菌之一,极难防治 [5]。

目前,我国各大棉区已普遍发生。棉花枯萎病从子叶期开始就可发病,病株矮小,蕾铃脱落率高,单株结铃数下降,铃质量减轻,棉纤维强度下降,从而影响棉花的产量和品质[6]。病害严重的1~2片真叶时即可造成死苗,花蕾期发病高峰时可成片死苗。

目前,关于棉花黄萎病的研究很多,而枯萎病的研究很少。虽然棉花枯萎病和黄萎病的病原不同,但都作用于植株的维管束,侵染过程类似。所以人们往往从黄萎的角度来理解枯萎,而棉花枯萎病和黄萎病之间存在很多差异。棉花枯萎病菌可在土壤中或棉株残体上进行腐生生活,又可在棉株内进行寄生生活。……

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