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怀化烟区烤烟适时早栽模式初探

2016-04-20杨晃戴林建杨苏周田邓杰

天津农业科学 2016年4期

杨晃 戴林建 杨苏 周田 邓杰

摘 要: 为探索K326在怀化烟区适时早栽的潜力,在怀化靖州县开展了烤烟移栽期与移栽方式试验研究,比较了各处理烟株生育期、农艺性状与经济性状的情况。结果表明,提前移栽会使烤烟生长由于低温等环境因素的影响而减缓,需配以相应的移栽方式,而提前8 d并采取井窖式移栽效果最好。

关键词:移栽期;移栽方式;烤烟产质量

中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.04.024

Abstract: To explore the potential of K326 in Huaihua timely early planting of tobacco-growing areas, experimental study of flue-cured tobacco transplanting transplanted way in Huaihua Jingzhou county was conducted to compare the situation of each processing tobacco growing period, agronomic traits and economic traits. The results showed that early transplant would grow due to the low temperature flue-cured tobacco and other environmental factors, and mitigation, to be together with the corresponding transplanting, and eight days in advance and take the well pit transplanting was the best formula.

Key words: transplanting period; transplanting; yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

适时移栽是实现烤烟优质生产的重要措施之一。通过改变移栽期可有效地利用当地气候资源,使烟株在各生育阶段得到相对适宜的大田生长环境,从而促进烤烟的生长发育和优质生产。移栽期过早会使烟苗易受到冷害和病虫害的影响;过晚则高温高湿的气候条件会使烟株前中期长势过快,干物质积累不足,叶片较薄,影响烤烟产质量[1-2]。

怀化烟区属烟稻轮作区,为降低后茬水稻茬口衔接限制以及烤烟生育后期高温逼熟的影响,可适时早栽,但考虑到提早移栽会受到低温和烟苗抗逆性较弱的限制,需采取合适的移栽方式保温促苗,方能促进烟苗早生快发。怀化烟区烟苗常规移栽方式是膜上移栽,即覆膜后在膜上栽烟。膜下小苗移栽是先栽烟再覆膜,使烟苗在膜下生长而降低低温的影响,有利于烟苗早生快发但存在着操作复杂、劳动强度大、不适合烟区大面积集中移栽的缺点。井窖式移栽是膜下移栽的改良技术,是指在覆膜垄体上打一直径约10 cm,深度约18 cm的圆锥形孔穴,再将烟苗投放并适量培土以覆盖根系,等到烟苗心叶出膜时再填土平穴的移栽方式。……

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