韩桂鸥　李霞　刘洪庆　赵娜　刘晓鸾　张亚南　赵玉

摘 要：通过利用林下大面积闲置的盐碱空地养殖蚯蚓，探索其对盐碱地土壤和苗木生长的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，蚓床覆盖下0～20 cm土层的土壤密度下降了34.60%，土壤非毛管孔隙度增加了4.82倍，渗透率提高了35.73倍；土壤水解氮、有效磷分别提高了54.66%，12.02%，速效钾含量增加了3.08倍；土壤电导率增加了43.85%，pH值下降了0.25个单位。林下养殖蚯蚓可明显改善盐碱地物理化学性质，有利于苗木的生长。

关键词： 盐碱地；蚯蚓养殖；土壤理化性质；苗木生长

中图分类号：S899.8 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.04.019

Abstract： This study is to explore the effects of breeding earthworm in forest land on saline-alkali soil and growth of the tree. Results showed that， compared to the soil which was no mulched， in the depth of 0～20 cm soil strata which were mulched with verm compost， the soil bulk density reduced 34.60%， non-capillary porosity improved 4.82 times， soil infiltration improved 35.73 times； the soil alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium were individually improved 54.66%，12.02% and 3.08 times； the soil electrical conductivity improved 43.85%， pH reduced 0.25 unites. Breeding earthworms in forest land can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil ， also can promote tree growth.

Key words： taline-alkali soil； earthworms； soil physical and chemical properties； tree growth

蚯蚓是常见的土壤生物，昼伏夜出，以畜禽粪便和有机废物垃圾为食，连同泥土一同吞入，也摄食植物的茎叶等碎片。蚯蚓通过不断地纵横钻洞和吞土排粪等生命活动，不仅能改变土壤的物理性质，而且还能改变土壤的化学性质，使板结贫瘠的土壤变成疏松多孔、通气透水、保墒肥沃，利于作物根系的生长[1]。

天津海林园艺股份有限公司耐盐碱苗木驯化基地有大量闲置的林下土地，土壤含盐量在0.1%～0.6%之间，土壤具有结构紧实，渗透性差，养分匮乏，脱盐碱化等特点[2]。利用林下闲置土地养殖蚯蚓不仅利用了林下废地，而且树木生长与蚯蚓养殖两者之间存在很强的互补作用。林下阴凉，空气较好，适合蚯蚓生长繁殖[3]。本研究借鉴以往养殖蚯蚓对非盐碱林地及苗木生长影响的研究经验，通过开展盐碱地林下蚯蚓养殖试验，研究其对盐碱地土壤改良和苗木生长的影响，以此为盐碱地林下经济养殖模式推广提供理论依据。……