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化学刺激技术在增强型地热系统中的应用:理论、实践与展望

2016-04-20刘明亮庄亚芹周超朱明成张灿海

地球科学与环境学报 2016年2期
关键词:化学

刘明亮+庄亚芹+周超+朱明成+张灿海+朱永强+谭龙+骆进+郭清海

摘要:干热岩作为清洁的可再生能源是地热能未来开采和利用中最具潜力的部分,具体的开发工程技术称为增强型地热系统(EGS, Enhanced Geothermal System)。化学刺激技术作为水力压裂的一种辅助方法,具有成本低、风险小的特点,在完善储层改造方面具有重要作用。综述了国内外EGS关于化学刺激研究的相关文献,介绍了化学刺激技术的理论基础及常用的几种化学刺激剂(传统酸、缓速酸、螯合剂和CO2化学刺激剂),并对世界上仅有的几个使用化学刺激技术的EGS工程(美国Fenton Hill和法国Soultz干热岩项目)进行了介绍和总结,在此基础上提出了化学刺激剂在增强型地热系统中的研究建议及应用展望,以期为中国未来EGS的科学研究和项目实施提供参考。

关键词:增强型地热系统;化学刺激;储层改造;土酸;缓速酸;螯合剂;干热岩;水力压裂

中图分类号:P314.2;TK521文献标志码:A

Application of Chemical Stimulation Technology in Enhanced Geothermal System: Theory, Practice and Expectation

LIU Mingliang1, ZHUANG Yaqin2, ZHOU Chao2, ZHU Mingcheng3, ZHANG Canhai3,

ZHU Yongqiang4, TAN Long4, LUO Jin4, GUO Qinghai2

(1. Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;

2. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;

3. Huanghe Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., State Power Investment Corporation, Xining 810008,

Qinghai, China; 4. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China)

Abstract: As a clean and renewable energy, hot dry rocks are the most potential part of exploiting and utilizing in the future, and the engineering technology of exploiting hot dry rock is called enhanced geothermal system. As a supplementary method of hydrofracture, chemical stimulation technology has the characteristics of low cost and risk, and plays a very important role in optimizing reservoir reform. Some related literatures at home and abroad about chemical stimulation technology in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) were reviewed, and the theoretical basis of chemical stimulation technology and several common chemical stimulants (conventional acid, retarded acid, chelating agent and CO2 chemical stimulants) were presented. In addition, the only EGS projects (Fenton Hill in America and Soultz in France) applying chemical stimulation technology in the world were introduced and summarized. On this basis, several suggests and expectations about chemical stimulation in EGS were also proposed, hoping to provide a reference for the scientific research and project implementation of EGS in China.

Key words: enhanced geothermal system; chemical stimulation; reservoir reform; mud acid; retarded acid; chelating agent; hot dry rock; hydrofracture

0引言

近年来,随着全球化石燃料总量的加速减少及其开发利用所带来的环境污染日益加剧,发展可再生能源的呼声日益高涨。地热能由于其具有清洁、可再生和分布广泛等特点,成为最具开发潜力的新型能源之一。目前,地热资源的开发大部分都是利用水热型地热资源进行发电。尽管地热发电的发展很快[1],但仅依靠开发传统的水热系统很难超越其他类型的新能源(如太阳能、风能)[2]。干热岩型地热系统作为地热能的另外一种类型,可以从中得到的能量约为存在于水热系统中可供利用能量的100~1 000倍[3]。……

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