这些to能否省略
2016-04-20张学顺迟炳华
张学顺 迟炳华
省略是英语语法中的一个重要现象,它出现在多种情况下。不定式的省略是相对较难的部分,规则较多,用法复杂,又是近几年高考考查的热点。不定式的省略形式多样,有的去掉动词不定式符号to,有的保留动词不定式符号to,令同学们难以捉摸,失分较多。我们总结出to可被省略和须保留的九个注意点,供同学们参考。
一、在一般的助动词或情态动词(如do,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等)后面的to应省略。但在ought,used,have后的to不能省略。
As is well-known to all,China is not what it used to.
众所周知,中国不是昔日的中国了。
They didnt visit their parents as much as they ought to(visit their parents).
他们应该多看望父母,但他们没有。
He didnt want to wait for her but he had to(wait for her).
他不想等她,但他不得不等。
二、在上文中出现了某一动词,句子中含有“谓语动词(如 want,decide,like,love, hope,wish,mean,refuse,try 等)+不定式”结构,要省去动词原形,只保留不定式符号to。
My brother didnt pass the exam,but he still hopes to。
我的哥哥没有通过考试,但他仍然想通过。
I am sorry to have put you so much trouble, but I didnt mean to.
对不起,我给你添这么多的麻烦,但我不是有意的。
三、当动词want / like用在连词when / if / what / as等连接的从句中时,其后的to也可被省略。
This is a policy to solve problem of poverty and unemployment and I know what the governments want.
这是解决贫困和失业问题的政策,我知道政府想做什么。
The children are very quiet;I wonder what they like.
孩子们很安静,我不知道他们想干什么。
四、使役动词let,make,have及感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to 等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句中应加上to。
Call out the numbers so that we can hear you call them at the back.
大声报出那些数字,让我们坐在后面的人也能听见你在喊。
To my surprise,I notice my deskmate smoke in the classroom.
令我惊奇的是,我发现我的同桌在教室抽烟。
He was seen to enter the room when the noise came.
当噪音传来时,他被人看见进了房间。
五、当前文出现过某一动词,后面句中含有“主语+系动词+形容词+动词不定式”结构,形容词(如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid 等)后的动词不定式要省去动词原形,而保留不定式符号to。
They go to a new place for a rest and I am willing to.
他们到新地方度假,我也想去度假。……
