近年高考英语定语从句常见题干设计
2016-04-15朱先忠
在高考英语试卷中,对定语从句的考查是必不可少的;同时,它也是高中英语教学中的重点和难点。笔者通过对近几年全国各地高考试卷该类试题的思考、分析、归类,总结出以下常见题干设计类型,供高三复习参考,目的在于提高高三复习效果。
一、从句可紧跟在先行词之后;亦可相隔
例1:The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015年 天津卷)
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
分析:先行词atmosphere在定从中做状语,表示“氛围”,故选A;从句紧跟在先行词之后。
例2:Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. (2014年 江西卷)
A. which B. what
C. where D. when
分析:先行词dangers在定从中做face的宾语,故选A;从句紧跟在先行词之后。
例3:After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(2012年 江苏卷)
A. which B. who
C. where D. what
分析:根据句意,先行词是people,而非that area,且在定从中做主语,指人,故选B;从句与先行词相隔。
二、表示时间、地点的名词做先行词,在定从中做状语,常用when, where引导定从;亦可做其他成分,用关系代词引导
例1:As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015年 陕西卷)
A. which B. where
C. whom D. when
分析:先行词为the time,在定从中做时间状语,故选D。
例2:Opposite is St. Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music.(2015年 北京卷)
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
分析:先行词为St. Pauls Church,在定从中做地点状语,故选D。
例3:The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. (2014年 安徽卷)
A. when B. where
C. why D. which
分析:先行词为The exact year,在定从中做spent的宾语,故选关系代词D。
例4:It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015年 湖南卷)
A. as B. where
C. that D. which
分析:先行词a truly delightful place在非限制性定从中做主语,故选关系代词which。
三、which引导定从,可指代先行词;亦可放在主句之后,指代整个主句
例1:I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.(2014年 北京卷)
A. who B. which
C. when D. where
分析:先行词the book在定从中做recommended的宾语,选B,which指代先行词。
例2:China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015年 福建卷)
A. who B. whom
C. that D. which
分析:句意是“《今日中国》吸引全世界读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想理解中国”,整个主句为先行词,在非限制性定从中做主语,故选D。
四、as和which引导非限制性定从,置于句中:as可指代整个主句,而which只能指代其前面的词或句
例1:That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012年 全国II卷)
A. that B. which
C. what D. when
分析:先行词That evening在非限制性定从中做about的宾语,选故B,which指代先行词。……
