文/陈焱　图/郑严



齐长城之『大峰山』

文/陈焱图/郑严

The Great Wall of Qi: Dafeng Mountain

在济南市长清区西南的大峰山附近有个齐长城风景区。这里地形特殊，扼齐鲁两古国之咽喉，历来是兵家必争之地。古人修建的齐长城在大峰山四周蜿蜒而过，绵延1500多米，十分壮观。大峰山山势围合，三面峭立，曲如列屏，形若箕掌，因其顶峰高而大，故得名——大峰山。在这里，洞观古迹林立，山泉流水众多，有很多供人们游览寻古的景点，还有独具特色的200多间屯兵营房。

齐长城为齐鲁之界。据《管子·轻重篇》记载：“长城之阳鲁也，长城之阴齐也。”齐长城建于公元前685年，为齐王桓公所建。司马迁《史记·楚式家》中也有记载：“乘山岭之上筑长城，东至海，西至济州，千余里以备楚。”齐长城西起山东济南长清区南部，迤逦向东至青岛市黄岛开发区东于家河村东北入海。

○修复后的齐长城起点遗址。The restored ruins of the starting point of the Great Wall of Qi.

○齐长城在大峰山上绵延1500多米。The Great Wall of Qi stretches over 1,500 meters on Dafeng Mountain.

○独具特色的屯兵营。Barracks of unique features.

○城墙的部分区段上有垛口。There are crenels on some sections of the city wall.

○峰云观是一个具有悠久历史文化的道教名观。Fengyun Taoist Temple is a famous Taoist temple with a long history and culture.

○大峰山革命历史纪念馆。Dafeng Mountain Revolution Memorial Hall.

说起大峰山和齐长城的关系，其特别之处在于齐长城最西端的烽燧在这山上，而齐长城真实的起点在大峰山下的平原。

在长清区孝里镇的广里村，有条贯穿东西的大道，大道北侧竖立着刻有“齐长城起点”的石碑。据文物部门考古调查，齐长城起点始建于这里的山下平原，由于常年的水土淤积，最初的夯土墙被埋在了地下，所以齐长城的西起点并非人们想象中那样有着高大的墙体，而是深埋在地下深达3.5米的地方。如果想在山体上能看到石头垒砌的长城，就需要爬到大峰山上。

大峰山海拔446.9米，南北长24华里，东西宽18华里，占地面积为12800亩。山顶部的城墙系在齐长城原址上历代叠加，并于清代大修。城墙长约1500米，最高处达5米，厚约2.5米，部分区段上有垛口。大峰山上景色优美，植被茂盛，是浑然天成的生态氧吧。目前这里已查明的树种有88种、鸟类50余种、药材30余种。

大峰山有保存非常完整的战国时期的齐长城与阵容宏大的屯兵营，据史书记载，屯兵营就是孟姜女哭长城的地方。这里还有济南市最大的道观——峰云观，齐鲁第一洞——璇玑洞。除此之外，还有古城门、抗日战争纪念馆等。

峰云观创建于汉朝，是一个具有悠久历史文化的道教名观，坐落于大峰山中部。道观红墙碧瓦，气势巍峨，周围山峦叠翠，泉水潺潺，自明朝起就香火旺盛，往来游客如云。据史料记载：在元末明初，道长范真峰云游至此，发现山中经常发出祥光岚气，认为这里是修道的吉祥之地，于是广招弟子，募缘四方，扩建了这处修道圣地。道观内的建筑错落有致，飞檐斗拱，雕梁画栋，周围环境清幽，鸟语蝉鸣。

经过几千年的岁月流转，大峰山留下了许多尘封的历史故事。仅以近现代发生的故事来看，大峰山有个“抗日事件”闻名全国。在1941年5月，日军独立混成旅团长土屋兵驻少将在长清大峰山附近被游击队击毙，这是当时县级抗日武装击毙的日军最高级军官，因此获得了朱德和彭德怀的特电通令嘉奖。

T here is a scenic resort – the Great Wall of Qi near the Dafeng Mountain in the southwest of Changqing District, Jinan City. The Great Wall of Qi, which was built by the ancients, winds around Dafeng Mountain, stretching over 1,500 meters. The scene is spectacular. There are historical caves there in great numbers, numerous mountain springs and brooks, as well as lots of sightseeing spots for tourists to visit and search for historical traces. Besides, there is a barracks with over 200 rooms of unique features.

Dafeng Mountain has steep cliffs on three sides. Its curve looks like a standing screen while its shape appears to be a dustpan. As it has a large high peak, it is called Dafeng Mountain. With an elevation of 446.9 meters, north-south length of 12km, and east-west width of 9km, the Dafeng Mountain covers an area of 12,800 mu (1 mu=0.0667ha.).

In Guangli Village, Xiaoli Town, Changqing District, there is a thoroughfare running from east to west. In the cropland on the north side of the thoroughfare, there is a stone tablet engraved with the words “Starting Point of the Great Wall of Qi”. According to the archeological survey of the cultural relics department, the starting point of the Great Wall of Qi was built in the plain under the mountain. Due to the water and soil sedimentation over the years, the original rammed-earth wall has been buried underground.

There is well-preserved Great Wall of Qi built in the Warring States Period and a grand-scale barracks on Dafeng Mountain. According to historical records, the story of Meng Jiangnu bringing down the Great Wall with tears happened in the barracks. In addition, there is the largest Taoist temple in Jinan – Fengyun Taoist Temple, as well as the Old City Gate and Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall.