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云南西北部玉山竹属二新种

2016-04-11易同培四川农业大学都江堰611830

四川林业科技 2016年1期
关键词:新种云南

易同培,杨 林(四川农业大学,都江堰 611830)



云南西北部玉山竹属二新种

易同培,杨 林
(四川农业大学,都江堰 611830)

摘要:本文发表了云南西北部玉山竹属2新种:哈巴玉山竹Yushnia habaensis Yi et L.Yang和马辔簕Yushania gongshanensis Yi et L.Yang。哈巴玉山竹相似金平玉山竹Y.bojieana Yi,但秆较高大,高4 m~7m,直径1.5~2 (2.5)cm,节间分枝一侧基部稍扁平或有时具1浅而短的纵凹线,纵细线棱纹较明显,实心或近实心,髓海绵状,干后较硬;箨鞘远长于节间(常长过节间1/3);小枝具叶较少,为(1)2枚~4枚;叶片较窄,宽5 mm~6.5(10)mm,次脉较少,为2对~3对,区别显著。马辔簕近似弯毛玉山竹Y.flexa Yi,区别在于秆柄较粗,直径达2 cm,节间长达2.5(3)cm;秆的节间较短,长20 cm~22(26)cm,中空;箨鞘远长于节间,背面疏生瘤基刺毛;叶鞘较短,长(1.8)2.2 cm~3.5 cm,叶片较窄,宽(5)6.5 mm~10 mm,易于区别。

关键词:玉山竹属;哈巴玉山竹;马辔簕;新种;云南

哈巴玉山竹(自拟) 实心竹(云南香格里拉)新种 图版1:1~6

Yushania habaensis Yi et L.Yang,sp.nov.,Pl.1:1~6

Y.bojieanae Yi affinis,sed culmis altioribus et crassioribus,4~7 m altis,1.5~2(2.5)cm diametro,internodiis basi leviter complanatis vel interdum vadoso-concavis ad latus rami,conspicue longitudinali- lineolatis,solidis vel aliquantum solidis,medulis spongiosis,sicco rigidis;vaginis culmorum quam internodiismulto longioribus(i.e.vaginae internodiis c.3 plo longioribus);Foliis paucioribus,(1)2~4 in quoque ramulo;laminis angustioribus,5~6.5(10)mm latis,nervis secundariis minis,tantum 2~3-jugis,facile differt.

图版1 哈巴玉山竹 1.地下茎及秆基部;2.秆之一节间,示秆箨;3.秆之一节,示秆芽;4.秆之一节,示分枝;5.秆箨;6.具叶小枝。(杨林根据易同培05064号标本绘)Plate 1 Yushania microphylla Yi et L.Yang 1.Rhizome with basal part of culm;2.A internode of culm showing culm-sheath;3.A node of culm showing its bud;4.A node of culm showing its braching;5.Culm-sheaths;6.Branchlet with leaves(Drawn by L.Yang from the type collections T.P.Yi 05064)

Rhizoma elongato-sympodiale,collis culmorum crassioribus,7~11.5 mm crassis,internodiis(4)6~13 mm longis,luteo-brunneis,glabris,longitudinalimultinervibus,solidis.Culmi sparsi,apice erecti,4~7 m alti,1.5~2(2.5)cm diametro,40~45-nodis,internodiis(8)20~22(25)cm longis,cylindricis sed basi leviter complanatis vel interdum vadoso-concavis ad latus rami,juventute farinosis et cinereo-albo-vel luteolo- adpresso- hispidis,conspicue lingulatis,solidis vel aliquantum solidis,medullis spongiosis,sicco rigidis;cicatrices vaginarum bruneoli vel brunei,prominentes,primo adpresso-brunneo-tomentosi;nodi culmorum plani vel leviter prominentes,multo demissioribus cicatricibus vaginarum;intranodiis angustatis,1~2 mm altis.Gemma culmi 1,tenuis,adpressa,juxta marginem cano-setulosa,margine dense ciliata.Rami 5~8 in quoque nodo,30~90 cm longi,1~2.5 mm crassi,9~12-nodis,internodia 0.5~12 cm longa,primo farinosi.Vaginae culmorum sero delapsae,triangulato-oblongae,coriaceae,quam internodiis multo longioribus(i.e.vaginae internodiis c.3 plo longiorii),haud maculatae,dorso adpresso-brunneo-tuberculato-setulosae,longitudinali-nervilis conspicuis,margine superne ciliatae;auriculae nullae,fimbriae nullae vel interdum paucae;ligulae oblique truncatae,truncatae vel fere arcuatae,purpureae,fissae,0.5~1 mm altae;laminae patentes vel reflexae,linneari-triangustatae vel linneari-lanceolatae,0.5~7 cm longae,2.5~3.5 mm latae,glabrae,integeres.Folia(1)2~4 in quoque ramulo;vaginae foliorum 2~2.5 cm longae,chloroticae insuper purpureae,longitudinali-nervis et porcis superis conspicuis,haud ciliatae;auriculae et setae orales nullae;ligulae nononihil truncatae,0.5~1 mm altae,purpureae,glabrae;petioli 1.5~2 mm longi,chloroticae,glabri;laminae lineari-lanceolatae,papyraceae,glabrae,(3.5)5.5~8.5 cm longae,5~6.5 mm latae,supra virides,subtus chloroticae,apice acuminatae,basi cuneatae,nervis secundariis(2)3-jugis,nervillis transversis rectangularibus,margine serrulatae.Inflorescentia ignota.Turiones Augusto germinantes.

Yunnan(云南):Xianggelila(香格里拉),Hutiaoxia Town(虎跳峡镇),Baoshan Village(宝山村),Lengdu slope(冷独坡),Geographical coordinates

N27°27.703′,E99°54.226′,alt.3 000 m,2005-10-18,Yi Tongpei(易同培)05064(Holotypus,SAUD = SIFS).

地下茎伸长合轴型,秆柄粗长,直径7 mm~11.5 mm,节间长(4)6 mm~13 mm,黄褐色,无毛,具纵细棱纹,实心。秆散生,梢端直立,高4~7m,直径1.5~2(2.5)cm,具40节~45节,节间长(8)20 cm~22(25)cm,圆筒形,但在分枝一侧近基部稍有扁平或有时具1浅而短的纵凹线,幼时被白粉及灰白色或淡黄色贴生小刺毛,纵细线棱纹较明显,实心或近实心,髓海绵状,干后较硬;箨环淡褐色或褐色,隆起,初时被贴生棕色绒毛;秆环平或稍隆起,远低于箨环;节内狭窄,高1 mm~2 mm。秆芽1枚,细瘦,贴生,近边缘被灰白色小刺毛,具密缘毛。秆每节上着生枝条5枚~8枚,长30 cm~90 cm,具9节~12节,节间长0.5 cm~12 cm,粗1 mm~2.5 mm,初时被白粉。箨鞘迟落,三角状长圆形,革质,远长于节间(常长过节间1/3),无斑点和斑纹,背面被贴生棕色瘤基小刺毛,纵脉纹明显,边缘上部具纤毛;箨耳缺失,鞘口两肩无繸毛或有时具少数繸毛;箨舌斜截形、截形或近弧形,紫色,有裂缺,高0.5 mm~1 mm;箨片外展或外翻,线状三角形或线状披针形,长0.5 cm~7 cm,宽2.5 mm~3.5 mm,无毛,全缘。小枝具叶(1)2枚~4枚;叶鞘长2 cm~2.5 cm,淡绿色而上部紫色,纵脉纹及上部纵脊明显,无缘毛;叶耳及鞘口两肩繸毛缺失;叶舌近截平形,高0.5 mm ~1 mm,紫色,无毛;叶柄长1.5 mm~2 mm,淡绿色,无毛;叶片线状披针形,纸质,无毛,长(3.5)5.5 cm~8.5 cm,宽5 mm~6.5(10)mm,上面绿色,下面淡绿色,先端渐尖,基部楔形,次脉(2)3对,小横脉组成长方形,边缘具小锯齿而粗糙。花枝未见。笋期8月。

本种近似金平玉山竹Y.bojieana Yi,但秆较高大,高4 m~7 m,直径1.5 cm~2(2.5)cm,节间分枝一侧基部稍扁平或有时具1浅而短的纵凹线,纵细线棱纹较明显,实心或近实心,髓海绵状,干后较硬;箨鞘远长于节间(常长过节间1/3);小枝具叶较少,为(1)2枚~4枚;叶片较窄,宽5 mm~6.5(10)mm,次脉较少,为2对~3对,区别显著。

秆可编织竹器。本竹种在哈巴雪山山区水土保持和生态环境建设方面起着重要作用。

马辔簕(自拟) 马配勒(云南贡山,傈僳语译音) 新种 图版2:1~6

Yushania gongshanensis Yi et L.Yang,sp.nov.,Pl.2:1~6

Differt haec species a Y.flexae Yi collis culmorum crassioribus,ad 2 cm crassis,internodia ad 2.5(3)cm longa;internodiis culmorum brevioribus,20~22(26)cm longis,cavernosis;vaginis culmorum quam internodiis multo longioribus,dorso sparse fulvo-adpresso-tuberculato-setis;vaginis foliorum brevioribus,(1.8)2.2 ~3.5 cm,laminis angustioribus,(5)6.5~10 mm latis.

Rhizoma elongato-sympodiale,collis culmorum crasso-longissimis,ad 80~100(200)cm longis,(0.5)1 cm~2 cm crassis,45~65-nodis,internodiis 1.5~2.5(3)cm longis,glabris,politis,solidis.Culmi sparsi,arbusti,erecti,mature apice curvi,5 m~7 m alti,2 cm~4(5)cm diametro,42~55-nodis,internodiis(6~8)20~22(26)cm longis,cylindricis,chloroticis vel flavor-virentibus,nitidis,levigatis,glabris,huad farinosis,ligno 3~8 mm crasso,medullis obtritis;cicatrices vaginarum prominentes,fulvo-brunnei, glabri;nodi culmorum paullo prominentes;intranodiis

图版2 马辔簕 1.地下茎及秆基部;2.秆之一部分,示秆箨;3.秆之一部分,示秆芽;4.秆之一节,示分枝;5.秆箨;6.具叶小枝。(杨林根据易同培05076号标本绘)Plate 2 Yushania shuichengensis Yi et L.Yang 1.Rhizome with basal part of culm;2.A part of culm showing culm-sheaths;3.A part of culm showing its bud;4.A node of culm showing its braching;5.Culm-sheaths;6.Branchlet with leaves(Drawn by L.Yang from the type collections T.P.Yi 05076)

angustioribus,3 mm~4 mm altis.Gemma culmi 1,triangulato-ovata vel longiovata,adpressa,nitida,ciliata.Rami 10~15 in quoque nodo,graciless,15 cm~45 cm longi,1.5 mm~2.5 mm crassi,5~9-nodis,internodiis 0.3 cm~10 cm longis.Turiones virides,interdum viridi-purpurei;vaginae culmorum persistentes,triangulato-oblongae,papyraceae,quam internodiis multo longioribus,apice huad adpressae,dorso sparse fulvo-adpresso-tuberculato-setae,haud maculatae,longicostatae,margines superne dense brunneo-ciliati;auriculae et fimbriae nullae;ligulae curvatae,purpureae,1 mm~2 mm altae,dense ciliatae ad 1 cm longis;laminae refleae vel erectae,chlorotico-purpureae,linearilanceolatae,1.5 cm~4 cm longae,1 mm~3 mm latae,glabrae.Folia(2)3~5 in quoque ramulo;vaginae foliorum(1.8)2.2 cm~3.5 cm longae,glabrae,longitudinali-nervis et porcis superis conspicuis,haud ciliatae;auriculae nullae,setis oralibus in omni latere 4~6,5 mm~7 mm longis,erectis vel leviter curvatis,lute-olis vel diluto-purpureis;ligulae c.1 mm altae,leviter concavae vel nonnihil oblique truncatae,diluto-purpureae,glabrae;petioli 1 mm~1.5 mm longi,glabri;laminae lineari-lanceolatae,(4)7 cm~13.5 cm longae,(5)6.5 mm~10 mm latae,glabrae,supra virides,subtus chloroticae,apice acuminatae,basi cuneatae,nervis secundariis 3-4-jugis,nervillis transversis rectangularibus,margine serrulatae.Inflorescentia ignota.Turiones medio Augusti et Septembri germinantes.

Yunnan(云南):Gongshan(贡山),Puladi Country(普拉底乡),Litoudi Village(力透底村),Paiduo(排朵),alt.1 800~2 500 m,2005-10-25,Yi Tongpei(易同培)05076(Holotypus,SAUD = SIFS).

地下茎伸长合轴型,秆柄粗长,长达80 cm~100(200)cm,直径(0.5)1 cm~2 cm,具45节~65节,节间长1.5 cm~2.5(3)cm,无毛,平滑,光亮,实心。秆散生,小乔木状,直立,成熟时梢端弯垂,高5 m~7 m,直径2 cm~4(5)cm,全部有42节~55节,节间长20 cm~22(26)cm,基部节间长6 cm~8 cm,圆筒形,淡绿色或淡黄绿色,光亮,平滑,无毛,无白粉,秆壁厚3 mm~8 mm,髓呈锯屑状;箨环隆起,淡黄褐色,无毛;秆环稍隆起;节内较狭窄,高3 mm~4 mm。秆芽1枚,三角状卵形或长卵形,贴生,芽鳞有光泽,具缘毛。枝条在秆每节上10枚~15枚,细瘦,长15 cm~45 cm,粗1.5 mm~2.5 mm,具5节~9节,节间长0.3 cm~10 cm。笋绿色,有时绿色带紫色;箨鞘宿存,三角状长圆形,纸质,远长于节间,先端不贴主杆,背面疏被黄褐色贴生瘤基刺毛,无斑块,纵肋显著,边缘上部密生棕色纤毛;箨耳及鞘口繸毛俱缺;箨舌弧形,紫色,高1 mm~2 mm,密生长达1 cm的紫色繸毛;箨片外翻或直立,淡绿色带紫色,线状披针形,长1.5 cm~4 cm,宽1.5 mm ~3 mm,无毛。小枝具叶(2)3枚~5枚;叶鞘长(1.8)2.2 cm~3.5 cm,无毛,纵脉纹及上部纵脊明显,无缘毛;叶耳缺失,鞘口两肩各具4枚~6枚长5 mm~7 mm直立或稍弯曲淡黄色至淡紫色繸毛;叶舌高约1 mm,微下凹或近斜截形,淡紫色,无毛;叶柄长1 mm~1.5 mm,无毛;叶片线状披针形,长(4)7 cm~13.5 cm,宽(5)6.5 mm~10 mm,无毛,上面绿色,下面淡绿色,先端渐尖,基部楔形,次脉3~4对,小横脉组成长方形,边缘具小锯齿。花枝未见。笋期8月中旬至9月。

本种近似弯毛玉山竹Y.flexa Yi,区别在于秆柄较粗,直径达2 cm,节间长达2.5(3)cm;秆的节间较短,长20 cm~22(26)cm,中空;箨鞘远长于节间,背面疏生瘤基刺毛;叶鞘较短,长(1.8)2.2 cm~3.5 cm,叶片较窄,宽(5)6.5 mm~10 mm,易于区别。

大面积野生,亦有个别栽培。笋食用。秆材坚韧,供建筑和编织竹器等用。

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Two New Species of Yushania Keng f.(Poaceae)from Northwestern Yunnan in China

YI Tong-pei YANG Lin
(Dujiangyan Campus,Sichuan Agricultural University,Dujiangyan 611830)

Abstract:In this paper two new species of Yushania Keng f.are reported from Northwestern Yunnan.Yushnia habaensis Yi et L.Yang is similar to Y.bojieana Yi,but taller culms,4~7 m high,1.5~2(2.5)cm diam.,internodes complanate or short longitudinal ditch on base a side of ramification,obviously longitudinal bridles,solid or subsolid,spongioplasm medullary and rigidity by drying;culm- sheaths culm sheath as long as internodes(length over 1/3 of internode),a few leaves,2~4 per ultimate branch,narrower blade,5~6.5(10)mm broad,secondary veins 2~3 paired.Yushania gongshanensis Yi et L.Yang seperates from Y.flexa Yi by rhizome neck of thicker,to 2 cm diam,internodes to 2.5(3)cm long;shorter internodes of culms,20~22(26)cm long,hollow,longer than internodes,back surface sparse tuberculate setose;shorter leaf-sheath,(1.8)2.2~3.5 cm,narrower blades,(5)6.5~10 mm wide.

Key words:Yushania Keng f.,Y.habaensis Yi et L.Yang,Y.gongshanensis Yi et L.Yang,New species,Yunnan

作者简介:易同培(1934-),男,研究员,从事植物学,树木学和竹类植物的教学与研究工作。

收稿日期:2015-11-09

doi:10.16779/ j.cnki.1003-5508.2016.01.004

中图分类号:S718.49

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1003-5508(2016)01-0023-04

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