潘毅　李玲娇　王慧琴　姚蕴艺

摘要：木结构古建筑震后破坏状态评估涉及众多影响因子，且各因子间还存在相关性和不确定性.为提高木结构古建筑震后破坏状态评估的准确性，本文提出了基于模糊数学理论的评估方法.首先，将木结构古建筑分为地基、基础、上部结构3个部分，结合其震害特点，选取13个指标作为评估因子；然后，由层次分析法确定权系数向量，采用隶属函数和类比法构造评判矩阵，建立三层次两阶段的模糊综合评估模型；最后，以青城山黄帝殿为例，应用该模型对其在汶川地震后的破坏状态进行了评估.结果表明，本文方法能合理、较准确地评估震后木结构古建筑的破坏状态，可为木结构古建筑震后维修措施提供依据.

关键词：木结构古建筑；模糊数学；震后评估；破坏状态

中图分类号：TU366.2 文献标识码：A

Abstract：Postearthquake damage state evaluation of ancient wooden buildings involves many impact factors and there are correlations and uncertainty among these factors. In order to improve the damage state assessment accuracy of postearthquake ancient wooden buildings， fuzzy mathematics theory was employed to investigate this issue. Firstly， ancient wooden buildings were decomposed into three parts： subsoil， foundation and superstructure， and 13 indicators were selected for the evaluation factors based on their damage characteristics. Then， the weight coefficient vector was determined by hierarchy analytical process and the judgment matrix was constructed using membership function and analogy method. Twophase threelevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was built. Finally， taking the Emperor Temple in Qingcheng mountain as an example， the developed model was applied to evaluate its damage state after Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the evaluation method can reasonably and accurately assess the postearthquake damage state of ancient wooden buildings， which can provide references to the postearthquake repair measures of these buildings.

Key words：ancient wooden buildings； fuzzy mathematics； postearthquake assessment； damage state

我国古建筑的主要结构形式是木结构，在漫长的历史进程中，受到自然和人为因素的侵蚀，其抗震能力有不同程度的下降.汶川、芦山等几次地震都对大量木结构古建筑造成了不同程度的破坏[1-2].目前，对木结构古建筑震后评估的研究还不足，相应的评估规范尚未出台.在实际工程中，常用专家经验法，该方法是专家直接对震后结果做出评估，故较为简单、迅速，但评估结果主观性较大，不够准确.李宁等[3]提出的概率评价法计算简单，结果连续，能用于实际工程，但是该方法中结构损伤指数和最大层间位移角两个评……