殷新锋　丰锦铭　杨小旺　刘扬

摘要：现有基于风汽车桥梁耦合振动的行车舒适性研究中，较少考虑了车流随机性和路面等级退化因素，致使分析成果具有一定局限性.本文综合考虑了车流随机性和路面等级退化等因素，运用一种新的车辆和路面等级退化模型分析大跨度桥梁的振动及行车舒适性.建立一个包含座椅及车辆纵向振动的24自由度空间车辆模型；基于考虑邻近车辆影响的改进CA（Cellular Automation-元胞自动基）模型和路面退化模型，通过桥梁和车辆相互作用力关系，建立了风车流桥梁系统的耦合振动方程.数值计算表明：本文所提出的方法能够合理地模拟风车流桥梁系统的耦合振动，且驾驶员座椅模型的各向振动对行车舒适性有显著影响.

关键词：风车流桥梁耦合振动；三维车辆模型；路面退化；行车舒适性

中图分类号：TU311.3；TU352.1 文献标识码：A

Abstract：The existing studies of ride comfort are based on windvehiclebridge coupled vibration， which seldom consider the effects of both traffic random characters and road surface progressive deterioration， thus they cannot match very well for the real situation of the bridge under the random traffic loads. Based on windtrafficbridge system under random traffic loads， this paper studied the ride comforts taking into account the road surface progressive deterioration. We presented a threedimensional vehicle model with 24 degreesoffreedoms （DOFs） including a threedimensional suspension seat model and longitudinal vibration of the vehicle， and then introduced an improved CA model considering the influence of the nextnearest neighbor vehicle and a progressive deterioration model for roadroughness. The windtrafficbridge coupled equations were established by combining the motion equations of both the bridge and vehicles using the displacement relationship and interaction force relationship at the patch contact. The numerical simulations show that the proposed method can rationally simulate the vibration of the windtrafficbridge coupled system； and the 3D vibrations of the driver seat model can significantly affect the drive comforts.

Key words：windtrafficbridge coupled vibration； threedimensional vehicle model； road surface progressive deterioration； ride comfort

行车舒适性问题的研究重点是车体振动，尤其是当汽车行驶在风环境下的大跨度桥梁上时，其振动更为明显.虽然车辆每次行驶在桥上的时间只有几分钟，但是这种短期的不适会造成司机严重的驾驶疲劳，可能会导致灾难性的交通事故.因此，在过去20年里，研究者们主要通过分析风车桥耦合系统的振动来研究行车舒适性，而现有风车桥梁耦合系统振动分析中，较少考虑了车流随机和路面等级退化因素，致使分析成果具有一定局限性[1-3]；且现有行车舒适性研究中常采用忽略座椅振动的……