不同施肥方法对富士苹果品质的影响

庞丽

(辽宁省北票市三北防护林工作站,辽宁 朝阳 122000)

摘要通过试验对富士苹果产量及品质进行分析，研究不同的施用氮钾肥水平对富士苹果的影响。结果表明：在果实产量方面，单独施用钾肥对产量影响不大，而单施氮肥和氮钾肥混施的2种处理对产量有显著的增加，并且都以每株施N、K各1 kg的处理产量最高，其中氮钾混施对产量影响高于氮肥单施。在果实品质方面，硬度随着单施钾肥量的增加而增加，而与单施用氮肥和氮钾混施呈先上升后下降趋势。各处理总糖含量和酸度值均显著高于对照处理，总糖含量与施肥量呈正比关系，其中以氮钾肥混施处理增加量最多；酸含量与单施氮肥肥呈反比关系，与单施钾肥呈正比关系。

关键词富士苹果；氮肥；钾肥；果实品质

收稿日期：2015-11-06

作者简介：庞丽(1973-)，女，辽宁北票人，大学，工程师，现从事经济林栽培研究.

中图分类号：S506.2；S661.1

文章编号：1005-5215(2015)12-0046-03

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Quality of ‘Fuji’ Apple

Pang Li

(The Three-North Shelterbelt Workstation,Beipiao City,Liaoning Province,Chaoyang 122000,China)

AbstractThe yield and quality of ‘Fuji’Apple was analyzed through the experiments. The effects of different application levels of nitrogen fertilizer on ‘Fuji’ Apple were studied. Result shows that in terms of fruit yield,applying potassium fertilizer alone has little effect; while single nitrogen fertilization and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer mixed using have significant increase. The yield of the treatment of applying 1 kg N+1 kg K per tree is the highest. The nitrogen and potassium mixed using have higher effects on the yield than that of single nitrogen fertilization. In the terms of the quality of fruit,hardness increases with the increase of the single potassium fertilizer amount; hardness shows the trend of rise firstly and then decreases by applying single nitrogen and nitrogen and potassium mixed using. Total sugar content and acidity are significantly higher than that of the control in each treatment; total sugar content and the amount of fertilizer show positive correlation; total sugar content are the most by applying with mixture of nitrogen and potassium; acid content was inversely related to single nitrogen fertilization; acid content was positively correlated with single potassium fertilizer.

Key words‘Fuji’ Apple; nitrogen fertilization; potassium fertilization; quality of fruit

为了提高苹果产量和品质，施肥是必不可少的重要方法。在果树生产过程中盲目的过量施肥现象相当普遍，这不仅不能提高产量和品质，而且造成了肥料的浪费、污染环境和果实品质的下降。目前我国在果树施肥方面普遍存在着重施无机肥少施有机肥，在化肥施用上普遍存在偏施氮肥现象。因此，深入研究配方施肥对苹果产量及品质的影响，比较施肥配比的效果,可为当地的苹果生产提供科学依据。本试验在苹果树按照常规管理的方法基础上，采取了不同氮钾肥施肥方案，观察其对果实产量及品质的影响效果，为找出适合当地果树生产中配方施肥提供参考依据。……