不同森林类型枯落物水文生态功能对比研究
——以甘肃祁连山和云南元阳梯田水源林为例

蒋积荣1，牛赟2，3，苗毓鑫2，3

(1.张掖市寺大隆林场,甘肃 张掖 734016； 2.甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院，甘肃省森林生态与冻土水文水资源重点实验室，

甘肃 张掖 734000；3.甘肃张掖生态科学研究院，甘肃省祁连山生态科技创新服务平台，甘肃 张掖 734000)

摘要选择甘肃祁连山和云南省元阳梯田水源林枯落物为研究对象，对野外调查数据进行对比分析，结果表明：(1)祁连山枯落物平均厚度3.17 cm，平均蓄积量为27.67 thm-2；元阳梯田枯落物平均厚度2.33 cm，平均蓄积量为6.86 thm-2；前者比后者的枯落物平均厚度大1.4倍，平均蓄积量大4倍。(2)祁连山枯落物平均最大持水量为79.01 thm-2，平均最大持水率为294.05%；元阳梯田水源林枯落物平均最大持水量为4.76 thm-2，平均持水率为173.46%；前者比后者的枯落物平均最大持水量大16.61倍，平均持水率大1.7倍。

关键词枯落物；蓄水量；持水率；祁连山；元阳梯田

作者简介：蒋积荣(1978-)，男，甘肃张掖人，大学，工程师，主要从事森林资源管理方面的研究.

中图分类号：S715

文章编号：1005-5215(2015)12-0008-03

Comparison on Hydrological Ecological Function of Litter in Different Forest Types

——Taking Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province and the Yuanyang

Terrace of Yunnan Province as an Example

Jiang Jirong1，Niu Yun2,3，Miao Yuxin2,3

(1. Sidalong Forest Farm of Zhangye City,Gansu Province ,Zhangye 734016,China; 2. Academy of Water Resource

Conservation Forests of Qilian Mountains in Gansu，Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Frozen-soil

Hydrology and Water Resources，Zhangye 734000,China；3. Academy of Ecology Science of Zhangye,Gansu Science

and Technology Innovation Service Platform of Ecology in Qilian Mountains，Gansu Province，Zhangye 734000,China )

AbstractTaking water conservation forest of Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province and Yuanyang terrace of Yunnan Province as research object,through field investigation and comparison on data,result shows that:(1) The average thickness and the average volume of litter is 3.17 cm & 27.67 t ·hm-2,respectively in Qilian Mountains; the average thickness of litter is 2.33 cm and the average volume is 6.86 t·hm-2 in Yuanyang terrace. The average thickness and the average volume of the former is 1.4 and 4 times respectively larger than that of the latter. (2) The average maximum water-holding capacity of litter is 79.01 t·hm-2 and the average maximum water holdup rate is 294.05% in Qilian Mountains; the average maximum water-holding capacity of litter is 4.76 t·hm-2 and the average maximum water hold up is 173.46% in Yuanyang terrace; the average maximum water-holding capacity and the average maximum water hold up rate of the former is 16.61 and 1.7 times larger respectively than that of the latter.

Key wordslitter; water-holding capacity; water holdup rate; Qilian Mountains; Yuanyang terrace

中国西北和西南部均为多山地区，森林以山地森林类型为主，但其森林分布和生态功能特征有很大差异。对比分析和科学评价这些差异，对于全面认识和理解我国山地森林系统生态功能作用和水源涵养机理有重要意义。森林涵养水源从垂直角度上依次为，林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层。当枯落物层吸水达到饱和时，水分在自身重力作用下缓慢下渗补给森林土壤。……