急倾斜煤层浅部开采顶板破断致灾原理与控制

索永录，祁小虎，刘建都，肖江

(西安科技大学 能源学院，陕西 西安 710054)

[摘要]为掌握急倾斜煤层浅部开采时顶板的破断规律，确保水平分段综放开采时的安全生产，采用物理相似模拟实验研究急倾斜煤层浅部开采时顶板的垮落规律，通过力学建模分析顶板垮落的条件，运用3DEC对人工爆破强制放顶的效果进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明：浅部开采时急倾斜煤层的顶板不易垮落，容易出现大面积悬顶现象。工作面上方覆岩大面积垮落，产生冲击矿压，危害工作面安全生产；而在第一分段、第二分段回采过程中采用强制放顶的措施可以有效削减顶板的势能，顶板垮落后形成的覆浮矸垫层也可以保证急倾斜煤层下分段的生产安全。

[关键词]急倾斜煤层；浅部开采；水平分段；顶板

[中图分类号]TD325[文献标识码]A

[收稿日期]2014-05-20

DOI[]10.13532/j.cnki.cn11-3677/td.2015.01.025

[作者简介]索永录(1960-)，男，陕西宝鸡人，教授，博士生导师，主要从事综采放顶煤和系统工程等方面的研究工作。

Roof Breakage and Disaster Principle and Control of Shallow

Mining in Steeply-inclined Coal-seam

SUO Yong-lu, QI Xiao-hu, LIU Jian-du, XIAO Jiang

(Energy School, Xi'an University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710054 , China)

Abstract:In order to obtain the roof breakage rule of mining shallow steeply-inclined coal-seam with horizontal slicing mining and ensure safety, applying physical analogue experiment to researching roof caving rule, roof caving condition was analyzed by mechanics model.Numerical simulation was used to simulate the effect of blasting roof with 3DEC.Result showed that roof was difficult to cave in shallow mining steeply-inclined coal-seam and roof hanging was easy to occur.large area of roof caving could result into rock-burst.By forced caving in mining the first and second slice, roof potential energy could be effectively reduced, and caved gangue could aslo ensure safety of mining lower slices.

Keywords:steeply-inclined coal-seam; shallow mining; horizontal slicing mining; roof

[引用格式]索永录，祁小虎，刘建都，等.急倾斜煤层浅部开采顶板破断致灾原理与控制[J].煤矿开采，2015，20(1)：86-88，81.

急倾斜煤层回采期间顶板岩层的破断对矿山压力有直接影响。王明立等研究认为急斜煤层开采时岩层分楔形破坏区、滑移变形区两个非均衡破坏区。邢望等研究认为急斜工作面基本顶变形的最大弯曲点位置基本保持在距工作面上端头约1/4 至1/3 长度处。屠洪盛等研究认为急倾斜工作面初次开采时中上部顶板可能出现“U”字型破断，自下而上扩展。……