吴哥遗产地土地利用/土地覆盖变化遥感分析

廖凯涛1，2，3，王成2，3，习晓环2，3，齐述华1，KHUON Khun-neay4

(1.江西师范大学 地理与环境学院，南昌 330022；2.中国科学院 遥感与数字地球研究所 数字地球重点实验室，北京 100094；3.联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心，北京 100094；4.柬埔寨吴哥窟世界文化遗产管理局，暹粒 999094)

摘要：吴哥窟是柬埔寨的象征，近年来深受严重的环境问题的困扰。利用长时间序列卫星影像，采用最大似然分类方法，提取吴哥遗产本体及周边区域近30年土地利用/土地覆盖及变化信息，并基于转换矩阵方法分析各土地类型变化规律，最后利用野外地面实测数据对分类精度进行了验证。研究表明：基于光学影像的吴哥遗产地土地利用/土地覆盖分类精度可达81.4%；遗产地周边建设用地增加迅猛；林地面积大量减少，主要转化为农业用地及草地；农业用地显著增加，来源于裸地及林地；水体和湿地变化较少；导致吴哥土地类型变化的主要驱动因素是旅游业带来的资源过度开发、森林大量砍伐，吴哥遗产的原真性、完整性和蕴含的历史与文化价值也正遭受极大威胁。

关键词：吴哥遗产；光学影像；土地利用/土地覆盖；变化检测

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3177.2015.01.020

中图分类号：TP751文献标识码：A

Land Use and Land Cover Change in Angkor Heritage

Site Based on Remote Sensing

LIAO Kai-tao1，2，3，WANG Cheng2，3，XI Xiao-huan2，3，QI Shu-hua1，KHUON Khun-neay4

(1.SchoolofGeographyandEnvironment，JiangXiNormalUniversity，JiangXi330022；

2.KeyLaboratoryofDigitalEarth，InstituteofRemoteSensingandDigitalEarth，

ChineseAcademyofSciences，Beijing100094；

3.InternationalCenteronSpaceTechnologiesforNaturalandCulturalHeritageunderthe

AuspicesofUNESCO，Beijing100094；

4.AuthorityfortheProtectionandManagementofAngkorandtheRegionofSiemReap,Combodia)

Abstract：Angkor Wat，the symbol of Cambodia，was inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1992，and it was included in the World Heritage in Danger List due to its wholesale collapse and other environmental problems at the same time.This paper explored the land use/land cover change (LUCC) by using time series remote sensing images during the period from 1985 to 2013.The maximum likelihood classification was used to extract the LUCC information with the accuracy classification of 81.4%.And a transfer matrix method was deployed in order to analyze its regular change pattern.The study results show that during the past 30 years，the urban land of the study area increased rapidly，mainly coming from agriculture and forest.A substantial decrease occurred in forest area，and it turned into agriculture and grassland.While agricultural land increased significantly，mainly coming from the bare and forest.Water and wetland area did not change much.The main drivers for the LUCC was the over-development of tourism resources，which had led the intactness，the authenticity，the historical and culture value of the Angkor heritage site to great threat and damage.

Key words：Angkor heritage site；optical image；land use/land cover；change detection

1引言

随着社会经济的飞速发展，人类对土地资源开发的强度大大增加，土地利用/土地覆盖变化及其引起的生态环境问题受到人们的广泛关注。卫星遥感技术具有实时、快速、覆盖范围广、周期性等特点，已经被广泛运用于土地利用/土地覆盖分类及其变化监测[1-5]。……