基于“3414+1”模型的春玉米产量效应及推荐施肥量研究

潘进红1，王艳群2，刘建平1

(1.河北省蔚县农牧局，河北 蔚县 075700；2.河北农业大学资源环境学院，河北 保定 071000)

摘要：为确定春玉米生产中的合理施肥量，采用田间试验法，在蔚县选择不同肥力水平的10个点进行春玉米“3414+1”肥效试验。结果表明，不同肥力条件下的氮、磷、钾肥施用量与春玉米产量之间均有极显著的一元二次回归关系；春玉米最高产量和经济最佳产量时的氮、磷、钾肥施用量因土壤肥力不同而异。通过对试验结果分析，提出了蔚县不同肥力地块春玉米最高产量施肥量及经济最佳产量施肥量推荐范围；肥效利用率钾肥>氮肥>磷肥，且中高肥力土壤中钾养分对产量的限制较大，因此应适当增施钾肥，稳定氮磷肥，根据土壤养分供应能力进行分类指导、配方施肥。

关键词：春玉米；“3414+1”试验；产量效应；推荐施肥量；养分限制因素

中图分类号：S 143

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-1492.2015.03.006

Spring Maize Production and Recommend Fertilizer Amount Based on Model of“3414+1”

PAN Jin-hong1,WANG Yan-qun2,LIU Jian-ping3

(1.Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Yu County,Yuxian County,Hebei 075700，China;2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Agricultural University of Hebei，Baoding,Hebei 071000，China)

Abstract:To realize the reasonable fertilizer amount of spring maize in Yu county,the field experiment of“3414+1”was carried out in ten sites,which had different fertilities,by using field experiment method.The result shows that there was a highly significant simple quadratic regression correlation between yield and the fertilizer amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The fertilizer amount of max and optimum yield in different soil fertilities were different. The range of the reasonable fertilizer amount for the fertilizer amount of max and optimum yield was proposed in the field of the different fertilities by the experiment. The fertilizer utilization rate performed K>N>P.And the limit factor to yield of the potassium was higher than N and P.Therefore,K fertilizer should be properly increased,but the N and P should be stabled.Realizing reasonable fertilizer should accord to the soil capacity of supplying nutrient.

Key words:spring maize;“3414+1”fertilizer experiment;yield effect;recommend fertilizer amount;nutrient limit factor

春玉米是蔚县主要农作物，年种植2.6万hm2左右，约占粮食播种总面积的1/3。蔚县在第二次土壤普查后曾建立了春玉米施肥模型，极大地推动了玉米生产的发展。近年来，随着经济的发展，农村经营管理体制、农业耕作制度、种植结构、化肥施用水平、耕地状况等都发生了很大变化[1]。据统计，国内化肥用量增加了84%，而粮食只增产12%[2]。过量施肥可导致减产[3，4]、降低肥料利用率[5]、生态环境恶化[6]等，而合理施用氮、磷、钾肥料对提高作物产量[7,8]、保护生态环境有重要意义。

为增加作物产量，改善其品质，提高肥料利用率，根据农业部2005年测土配方施肥项目，蔚县于2009年启动了春玉米“3414+1”肥效试验研究。通过选取……