缺硼对水培番茄生长及产量的影响

闫伟

(张家口市土壤肥料工作站,河北 张家口 075000)

摘要：研究硼元素对水培番茄生长及产量的影响。结果表明：随着营养液缺硼的加剧，叶片叶绿素含量减少，类胡萝卜素降低，株高增高，茎粗变细，第一花序高度升高，花序间距变大，坐果率降低，果形指数变大，平均单果重变小，单株结果数变少，单株产量降低，可溶性固形物含量降低。说明缺硼不利于水培番茄生长发育，当硼浓度为正常配方的75%即2.25 g·m-3时就表现出了缺硼的症状。园试配方中硼元素的含量对水培番茄的生长最适宜。并且在实验过程中，发现随着营养液缺硼的加剧，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素的含量都有不同程度的降低，硼元素和叶绿素及类胡萝卜素的形成有关。目前尚无人报道相关内容。

关键词：番茄；硼；水培；L-402

中图分类号：S 145

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-1492.2015.03.005

作者简介：赖善聪(1990-),女，福建龙岩人，硕士研究生，主要从事植物逆境生理方面研究。

基金项目：国家测土配方施肥资金补贴项目(2010-163)

作者简介：潘进红(1964-)，女，河北蔚县人，高级农艺师，主要从事农业技术推广方面研究。

Influences of Nourishing Solution with Low Boron on Growth and Yield of Tomato

YAN Wei

(Soil Fertilizer Station of Zhangjiakou City,Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000,China)

Abstract:This article studied the influence of nourishing solution with boron on the growth and the yield of tomato.The results showed that:with the aggravating of lacking the boron in the nourishing solution,the chlorophyll content reduced,the carrot element dropped,the height of plant became higher,the stem diameter was thinner,the first inflorescence highly elevated,the space of inflorescence spacing enlarged,fruit rate reduced,shape index became huger,the weight of single fruit was lighter,the number of fruit was fewer,the single yield reduced,and the content of soluble substance reduced.This points out that nourishing solution without boron is disadvantage to the growth of tomato in the solution.The symptom appeared when the density of boron was 2.25 g·m-3.In the gardentries formula of adding boron to water cultivates is most suitable to the tomato’s growth.And experiment also showed that with the aggravating of lacking the boron in the nourishing solution,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,the total content of chlorophyll and the content of carrot element reduced to differemt extents.Boron element influenced the formation of chlorophyll and carrot element.At present nobody has reported related content.

Key words:tomato;boron;solution culture;L-402

0引言

番茄(LycopersiconesculentumMill.)别名西红柿、洋柿子、番柿。起源于南美州的安第斯山地带，在秘鲁、厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚等地至今有大量的野生种分布。在哥伦布发现新大陆以前就已在墨西哥及中美洲发展了栽培种。到16世纪才从墨西哥传入欧洲。起初在意大利、西班牙、英国、法国及中欧供庭院观赏之用，到17世纪逐渐被人食用。……