青贮玉米与扁豆混播栽培技术及营养价值评定研究
2016-01-08郭郁频,任永霞,李亚奎等
青贮玉米与扁豆混播栽培技术及营养价值评定研究
郭郁频,任永霞,李亚奎,刘贵河,章杏杏,王净
(河北北方学院动物科技学院,河北 张家口 075000)
摘要:在冀西北地区,通过研究青贮玉米与扁豆不同混播种植密度(青贮玉米∶扁豆设密度比1∶1、2∶1、3∶1)对混播饲草生物产量和营养成分的影响,筛选出了适合该地区的较优混播栽培模式。结果表明:青贮玉米和扁豆混播比例2∶1为最佳模式,在该模式下饲草的产量和品质均可达到最佳水平,混播饲草产量最高,比对照增产11.6%,粗蛋白含量得到明显增加,高出2.49个百分点。青贮玉米与扁豆混播技术简单,收益明显,必定会成为青贮玉米种植的一种新模式,在该地区奶牛粗饲料品质改良中发挥重要作用,具有非常广阔的推广前景。
关键词:青贮玉米;扁豆;混播;产量;营养价值
中图分类号:S 816.53
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1492.2015.03.004
Mixed Planting Techonology and NutritiveValue Assessment of Silage Maize and Lentils
GUO Yu-pin,REN Yong-xia,LI Ya-kui,LIU Gui-he,ZHANG Xing-xing,WANG Jing
(School of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei North University Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China)
Abstract:Optimal cultivation modes on mixed planting of silage maize and lentils were screened through the effects of different cultivation density ratios (1∶1,2∶1,3∶1)on the yield and nutrient of forage grass in northwestern Hebei Province.The results showed that silage maize and lentils mixing planting with density ratio 2∶1 was the best model,and the yield and quality of forage grass achieved the best level.The yield was 11.6% higher than that of the control,and the crude protein content 2.49% higher.Silage maize and lentils mixing planting technology is simple and brings dramatic bemefit.It has played an important role in quality improvement of cow roughage in this area.And it has a wide prospect of promotion as a new cultivation model.
Key words:silage maize;lentils;mixture planting;yield;nutritive value
玉米(Zeamays)素有“饲料之王”的美誉,青贮玉米茎叶柔软多汁、营养丰富、适口性好,产量高、饲用价值高,是重要基础饲料之一,是最理想的饲料作物,是畜禽日粮中最主要的能量饲料来源[1,2]。
长期以来,国内青贮玉米的种植方式单一,缺乏高效的青贮玉米栽培技术,对单位面积的生物产量提高有很大的局限性,难度也较大[3]。另外由于青贮玉米蛋白质含量较低,无法满足奶牛等牲畜对饲料中蛋白质的需求,在养殖中需要额外补充豆粕等蛋白饲料。目前,青贮玉米与豆类混播是一项重要的技术措施。豆科饲草含有较高的蛋白质、钙和磷,根系有固氮功能,青贮玉米含有较多的碳水化合物,以玉米为主作物,在株间混种豆类,可与玉米互相补充合理利用地上地下资源,提高生物产量的同时还可以提高青贮玉米的品质,改善营养价值。……