通信作者:朱昌雄,研究员。E-mail:zhucx120@163.com

利用生态农业产业链技术控制农业面源污染

李红娜,叶婧,刘雪,耿兵,田云龙,朱昌雄

(中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081)

摘要：分析了中国农业面源污染现状及成因,认为农业面源污染是造成水体污染的最大问题。为了改善水体环境,从生态农业产业链技术的含义和内容出发,提出以“种—养—加—生”循环一体化的产业链技术体系来控制农业面源污染,保护水环境质量,即以源头无害化、过程资源化、末端生态化和控制规模化为原则,进行控制农田养分流失的生态种植、低污染零排放的生态养殖、无公害的生态饲料生产、以发酵垫料为主要原料的生物腐殖酸肥料加工和生态农业产业园区规划与建设等。这些技术的联控应用,能强化养分、食物链的循环延伸,是控制农业面源污染的有效方法,可以实现农业面源污染的零排放控制，改善水环境质量。

关键词：水污染控制;农业面源污染;生态农业产业链

作者简介:李红娜(1986—),女,博士研究生,研究方向为水治理理论与技术,农业面源污染控制。E-mail:lihongna828@163.com

中图分类号：X52;S19

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1004-6933(2015)05-0024-06

Abstract：The author of this paper thought that agricultural non-point pollution was the most important source of water pollution based on the analysis of the present situation of the agricultural non-point pollution in China and its reasons. In order to improve the water environment,the meaning and content of the eco-agricultural industrial chain was introduced. Based on this conception,the eco-agricultural industrial chain,integrating a whole circular system with different sessions of crop farming,breeding,agricultural products processing and living,was innovatively put forward to control the agricultural non-point pollution and protect the water environment systematically for the first time in this paper. Concretely,in the principle of source harmlessness,process resource utilization,end ecological treatment and controlling in large-scale,several important techniques were included as manufacturing of ecotypic feeds,ecological breeding with zero discharge of pollution,production of biological humic acid fertilizer with fermentation bed padding,eco-planting with controlling of nutrients release and programming and construction of eco-agricultural park. In combined application of these techniques,the eco-agricultural industrial chain technology was proved to be an efficient method to achieve both the well control of agricultural non-point pollution and effective improvement of the water quality.

收稿日期：(2014-11-19编辑：彭桃英)

DOI：10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.05.006

Control agricultural non-point pollution with technology of

eco-agricultural industrial chain

LI Hongna,YE Jing,LIU Xue,GENG Bing,TIAN Yunlong,ZHU Changxiong

(InstituteofEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentinAgriculture,ChineseAcademyof

AgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China)

Key words： water pollution control; agricultural non-point pollution; eco-agricultural industrial chain

农业面源污染又称农业非点源污染,是指在农业生产活动中,氮磷等营养物质、农药、重金属及其他污染物,从非特定的地点,以不同的形式对大气、土壤和水体环境形成污染。数据表明,进入水体的TN、TP中,来自工业废水的仅占10.0%～16.0%,而农业面源污染和生活污水的贡献占绝大多数。……