书面表达的失分点
2016-01-05陈才
陈才
对书面表达中的常见错误同学们应该熟知并规避,在考试中沉着应考,细心应对,力求书面表达做到 “全、准、雅、顺”。书面表达中的主要失分点有以下三个方面:
拼写错误,表达随意
标点符号与大小写的常见错误如下:
1. 句子某些专有名词应改大写而没有,或将某些词误作专有名词大写的情况。如:there is a temple on the Top of the mountain.应为:There is a temple on the top of the mountain.
2. 句子中不使用任何标点符号,从而无法辨别句子的结构。如:I got up early this morning went to the school cleaned the classroom.应为:I got up early this morning, went to the school and cleaned the classroom.
3. 句子的结尾随意打点,句子散乱。如:Li Ming didnt come to the school. Because he was ill today.这两句有因果关系,应用标点将两句连起来,所以应改为:Li Ming didnt come to the school, because he was ill today.
4. 用“:”代替“,”。在英语书信开头出现Dear Tom:
应为:Dear Tom,
5. 使用汉语标点符号。例如,用汉语的 “、”来代替英语的标点符号。如:In the park, I saw some trees、flowers、birds、insects.应为:In the park, I saw some trees, flowers, birds and insects.
6. 使用中文中的《》。英语中需要用“”来代替书名号。如:Can you lend me 《the Arabian Nights》?应为:Can you lend me “the Arabian Nights”?
⑦英语中句号写法与汉语中不同,英语句号是一个实心点,而汉语中用圆圈。如:Having finished his homework,Xiao Li went home。应为:Having finished his homework,Xiao Li went home.
以上种种错误都是误用标点或者滥用标点,另外还需注意大小写的问题,在写作完成后,检查全文时应注意一下几点:
①注意标题的大小写。标题开头第一个词词首要大写,除介词、冠词、连词以外的实词,每个词词首也都要大写。
②姓与名的第一个字母要大写。如“丁俊晖”应写成Ding Junhui,不能写成Ding Jun Hui.
③专有名词中实词要大写。如the United States of America。英语中有些固定要大写的名词,如大洲、大洋、江、河、国家、地名、星期几等。
④一句句首要大写,句中非规定要大写的词不能大写。
⑤注意英语中标点的用法与写法,与汉语还有不同之处,如汉语中表示省略用六个点,英语中只用三个点,而且必须下标,与前后各空一格;……
