周丽花　施翔　程建峰

摘要 采用旱地直播种植，以5个水稻不育系品种为试验材料，研究了其叶蘖生长对干旱的响应，为耐旱水稻不育系的筛选提供依据和指标。结果表明，不同水稻不育系品种的叶片生长速度无明显差异；分蘖速度在前期无明显差异，而后期存在明显差异，以Y58s最快；单蘖重存在明显差异，以Y58s最大；相关分析可知，不育系3～5叶的出叶速度与其单蘖重存在极显著负相关，即3～5叶的出叶速度能衡量水稻不育系的耐旱性，可作间接的育种选择指标在生产上应用。综合评价可知，Y58s和天丰A的耐旱性较强，可在旱稻育种中作不育系使用。

关键词 水稻；不育系；耐旱性；叶蘖生长

中图分类号 S511 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2015）19-0067-02

Abstract Five rice sterile lines varities were sowed directly in dry land and used as the experimental materials，the responses of leaf and tillering growths in the rice sterile lines（RSLs） to drought were conducted to provide the screening basis and index for drought resistance. The results showed that the differences of leaf growth rate and early tillering rate in the different RSLs weren′t significant，but those of late tillering rate were significant with the maximum of Y58s. The single-tiller weights in different RSLs had the obvious differences with the maximum of Y58s. The correlation analysis revealed that extremely significant negative correlation between 3～5 leaf growth rates and single-tiller weight in RSLs，which indicated that leaf growth rate from 3 to 5 could evaluate the drought resistance of RSLs，it could be used as a indirect index to apply in rice breeding. Comprehensive evaluation showed that Y58s and Tianfeng A were used as the sterile line of upland rice breeding because of their stronger drought resistance.

Key words rice；sterile lines；drought resistance；growth of leaf and tillering

干旱是影响世界农业生产的主要自然灾害。就世界范围来说，干旱是所有生物逆环境中仅次于病虫害的第2位限制产量因子[1-2]，我国因受旱而造成水稻歉收是生产中的一个突出问题。据统计资料显示，我国农业耗水量约占全国总耗水量的80%，而水稻耗水占了整个农业耗水的70%；在20世纪70年代，我国每年有1 134万hm2农田受旱，90年代增加到2 667万hm2，全国灌溉区每年缺水量约300亿m3[3-4]。

准确鉴定水稻种质资源耐旱性，是培育耐旱水稻新品种的前提和必要基础。作物抗旱性是作物在大气或土壤干旱条件下形成产量的能力，是遗传和环境因素等共同作用的结果[5]。Turner[6]、罗利军等[7]认为在缺水条件下，作物能够获得足够产量的能力即为抗旱性。水稻品种抗旱性常指植株在干旱时依靠某些性状来提供经济上有价值收成的能力，即干旱条件下，水稻经济有效地利用水分，获得较高产量的能力。……