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“声东击西”的not

2015-10-21杨定生

高中生·天天向上 2015年11期
关键词:声东击西正确理解答语

杨定生

请看下题:

The scientist does not study nature _____ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it.

A. until B. though C. because D. unless

该题答案为C。本题似乎简单,但不少同学感到束手无策。

其实,解决该题的关键是对该题句意的正确理解。句意为:这位科学家研究自然不是因为这样做有用,他研究它是因为他从中体会到了乐趣。

这是一个not ... because句型。我们对该句型的正确理解,应基于否定词not是对because从句的否定。

又如:I was not kind to him because he was poor. 我不是因为他贫穷才对他友善的。

I didnt take a raincoat because it was raining.我不是因为下雨才带雨衣的。

注意,若句型是“not...,because...”,则意思就大不一样了。

如:I was not kind to him,because he was rude. 我对他不友善,因为他无礼。

这种not置于主句谓语动词部分,实则是对状语从句的否定的这种“声东击西”的做法,常称之为“否定的转移”。

其实,对“否定的转移”,我们并不陌生,还曾多次见过。

1. 将宾语从句的否定转移到主句部分:在主语是第一人称,谓语动词为think, believe, suppose,imagine等,且在一般现在时的句中,宾语从句中的否定形式常须转移到主句中。如:

Im sorry,but I dont think I know you.对不起,我想我并不认识你。

I dont believe hell come,will he? 我想他不会来的,是吧?

2. 在“表示感觉的动词(seem,appear,look,feel,sound等)+ 表语或表语从句”结构中,从句的否定词常转移到这些动词的前面。如:

Jack doesnt seem to like you.(= Jack seems not to like you.)杰克看来不喜欢你。

He doesnt appear to be satisfied. 他似乎不满意。

It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道去哪里。

It doesnt sound as if he knew what had happened. 聽起来他好像不知道刚才所发生的事。

3. 有时状语(副词、介词短语、不定式等)或状语从句中的否定词可以转移到谓语动词前。如:

The ant is not gathering food for itself alone. 蚂蚁不只是为自己采集食物。

I didnt come to Beijing to have holidays. 我到北京来不是为了度假。

He didnt take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame.他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带,不是为了获得个人的名誉。

I didnt buy the book because I was interested in poetry. 我买这本书不是因为我对诗歌感兴趣。

4. I hope后接否定答语时。如:

—You havent lost the ticket,have you?

—I hope not. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.

——你没把票弄丢,是吧?

——我希望没有。我知道这个时候再去弄一张票不容易。

(责任编校?筑彭益)

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