海口市集中式饮用水源地重金属健康风险评价
2015-09-10仝霞郭彬
仝霞+郭彬


摘 要 对海口市集中式饮用水源地水体中Cd、As、Hg和Pb含量进行测定和健康风险评价。研究表明:4种元素在水中浓度较低,均优于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)二级标准。采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价法对平均个人年健康致癌风险和非致癌风险进行评价,4种元素的风险值基本在10-10a-1,通过饮水途径产生的风险指数低于美国环保局的推荐值。
关键词 海口 ;水源地 ;重金属 ;健康风险评价
分类号 X824
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Centralized
Drinking Water Sources in Haikou
TONG Xia1) GUO Bin2)
(1 Haikou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Haikou, Hainan 571100;
2 Hainan Agricultural Cadres School, Haikou, Hainan 571100)
Abstract In order to understand the drinking water safety risk and to further environmental protection work. The concentrations of Cd, As, Hg and Pb and the health risk in centralized drinking water sources in Haikou were studied.The results indicated that the concentration of the four elements were better to the level two of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water in China (GB3838-2002). The Health Risk Assessment of USEPA was applied to evaluate the value of the average personal health carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk were 10-10a-1, less than the United States Environmental Protection Agency's recommental value.
Keywords Haikou ; drinking water ; heavy metal ; health risk assessment
健康风险评价是环境中污染物对人体健康危害程度的一种风险评价方法。重金属作为环境中普遍存在的一类污染物,具有难降解、可累积和毒性等特点[1]。其中镉、汞和铅是目前已经筛选出的环境内分泌干扰的重要组成元素,干扰人体分泌功能,并在体内蓄积危害人体健康;砷是环境中危害性和致癌性最大的物质之一[2]。重金属污染物主要通过工农业废水排放、降水径流和大气沉降等途径进入水体,并通过饮水摄入人体,危害健康,已引起普遍关注[3-8]。海口市作为热带海岛城市,淡水资源紧缺,加强饮用水的保护和评估尤为重要,但目前对海南饮用水健康风险的评价较少[9],关于水质重金属污染的评价还未见报道。本文旨在为海口市水环境保护工作和保障饮水安全工作提供参考依据。
1 研究方法
1.1 布点和采样
海口市城市集中式饮用水地表水源地为南渡江卜南村、龙塘水厂和永庄水库。卜南村和龙塘水厂断面分布在南渡江,属于河流型地表水水源地。……
