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Stewart并联机构姿态奇异与无奇异姿态运动规划

2015-08-19李保坤郭永存曹毅

李保坤++郭永存++曹毅

摘 要:以单位四元数为姿态参数,研究Stewart并联机构位于给定位置的姿态奇异并进一步探讨机构的无奇异姿态运动规划方法。基于机构的雅可比矩阵,构建机构给定位置的以单位四元数表征的姿态奇异轨迹的一般符号解析表达式。利用四元代数理论构建刚体姿态运动学方程和时间最优姿态轨迹方程;通过分析机构姿态奇异轨迹分布并利用刚体运动的时间最优姿态轨迹方程,研究机构无奇异时间最优的姿态运动的规划方法。研究成果进一步丰富了Stewart并联机构的奇异规避理论。

关键词:并联机构;姿态奇异;无奇异;姿态运动规划

中图分类号:TP2422 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-1098(2015)02-0013-07

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收稿日期:2014-11-15

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50905075);安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(1308085QE78);安徽理工大学硕博基金资助项目

作者简介:李保坤(1982-),男,安徽舒城人,讲师,博士,主要从事于机构学与机器人技术研究。

Orientation-singularity Representation and Orientation Singularity-Free

Motion Planning Analysis of the Stewart Parallel Mechanism

LI Bao-kun1,2, GUO Yong-cun1, CAO Yi2

(1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan Anhui 232001, China; 2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China)

Abstract:By using the unit quaternion as the orientation parameters, the orientation-singularity for a given position was studied and the method of the orientation-singularity-free motion planning was further explored. Based on the Jacobian matrix of the mechanism, a general symbolic analytical expression describing the orientation-singularity loci based on the quaternion representation for a given position was derived. The orientation kinematic equation and the time optimal orientation trajectory of a rigid body were constructed by using the quaternion algebra theory, respectively. After analyzing the orientation-singularity locus and using the time optimal orientation trajectory of a rigid body, the method of time optimal orientation motion planning of the mechanism was explored. The research achievement enriches the singularity-avoidance of the Stewart parallel mechanism.

Key words:parallel mechanism; orientation-singularity; singularity-free; orientation motion planning

六自由度Stewart并联机构由于刚度大、承载能力强以及运动精度高等特点,已被广泛应用于运动模拟器、医疗器械、工业机器人、微纳操作、力/力矩传感器、空间探测、并联机床等多个高精技术领域[1]。奇异位形严重影响并联机构的运动及力传递性能,对于并联机构来说,若机构处于奇异状态,机构将严重失稳并导致机构失控甚至被损坏。因此,并联机构应位于远离奇异位形的区域工作。得到机构的奇异轨迹是奇异规避研究的基础[2]。文献[3]利用平面几何中的Ceva定理研究三角平台型Stewart并联机构的奇异位形。……

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