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时态中的特殊现象

2015-08-18彭现省

高中生学习·高二版 2015年6期
关键词:动作

彭现省

1. 以here或there开头的句子,说明正在发生的动作,谓语动词不用现在进行时,而用一般现在时。例如:

Here comes the bus!

There goes the bell!

2. 既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时间表等,通常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。例如:

The meeting starts at five oclock.

The train leaves at three this afternoon.

3. 在see to it, make sure, make certain, be sure, look out, take care等之后的从句要用一般现在时/一般过去时/现在完成时代替一般将来时/过去将来/将来完成时。例如:

You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.

See to it that everything is OK.

4. 在宾语从句中,表示客观事实或真理,一律用一般现在时。例如:

The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth.

Somebody told me that you are a writer.

5. 在由as soon as, when, before, after, till等引导的时间状语从句和由if,unless, as long as, in case等引导的条件状语从句中,或在方式、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时,但主句用一般将来时。例如:

If you come this afternoon, Well have a meeting.

1. 表示说话人始料未及的事情用一般过去时。例如:

Oh! I didnt know you were in Shanghai.

2. 在wish, would rather之后的宾语从句中和在as if引导的状语从句中,以及在it is time that...句型的定语从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时说明现在的事情。例如:

Its time you had a holiday.

He looks as if he were young.

3. 用表示意愿及精神状态的动词,反映说话者探寻的态度时,动词用一般过去时表示一般现在时,显得更加礼貌。例如:

I didnt know you were here.

我不知道你在这里。(were实际上指现在)

I wondered if you could help me.

我在想你是否能帮助我。

4. 在含有hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than结构的句子中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。

Hardly had I entered the room, when I heard a loud noise.

1. 若句中带有always, all the time, forever, constantly等词或短语,则用进行时表示一个频繁发生的动作,表示说话人赞赏或厌恶等感情。例如:

You are always forgetting the important things.

你总是忘记重要的事。

2. 某些词如come, go, leave, arrive, start等可用现在进行时表示将来。例如:

He is leaving tomorrow.

The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.

1. 表示故事发生的背景。例如:

One day Jones was walking along the street.

一天,琼斯正在街上走。

It was snowing as thay made their way to the front.

他们往前面走的时候正在下雪。

2. 与always, forever, constantly, continually, frequently等词连用,表示过去经常发生的行为,往往带有感情色彩。例如:

My brother was always losing his key.

我的哥哥/弟弟老是掉钥匙。……

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