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红细胞分布宽度对老年稳定性冠心病合并急性下呼吸道感染患者预后的预测价值

2015-08-18赵晓茜骆雷鸣

中国医药导报 2015年14期

赵晓茜++骆雷鸣

[摘要] 目的 探讨合并急性下呼吸道感染的老年稳定性冠心病患者循环血中的红细胞分布宽度(RDW)预测近期心血管事件的价值。 方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法,连续入选2011年1月~2013年12月426例在解放军总医院住院的老年稳定性冠心病患者,根据是否合并急性下呼吸道感染分为感染组和非感染组。随访感染后7 d(D7)、30 d(D30)、90 d(D90)的心血管事件和全因死亡的发病情况,分析近期心血管事件及全因死亡的相关危险因素。 结果 感染组的D7(10.9%比2.4%,P < 0.01)、D30(20.6%比6.5%,P < 0.01)和D90(31.9%比13.6%,P < 0.01)的心血管事件发生率均显著高于非感染组;除D7(1.2%比0.0%,P > 0.05)外,D30(3.9%比0.6%,P < 0.05)、D90(13.2%比1.7%,P < 0.01)的全因死亡发生率也显著高于非感染组。感染组RDW明显高于非感染组[(13.8±1.6)比(13.4±1.0),P < 0.01],RDW水平与感染相关(OR=1.318,95%CI:1.112~1.562,P < 0.01),且事件组的RDW水平也明显高于非事件组[(14.1±2.0)比(13.5±1.1),P < 0.01]。多因素回归分析显示,RDW增加(OR=1.203,95%CI:1.020~1.420,P < 0.05)、急性下呼吸道感染(OR=4.433,95%CI:2.580~7.713,P < 0.01)、慢性肾脏病(OR=1.967,95%CI:1.105~3.502,P < 0.05)和心脏射血分数减低(OR=0.961,95%CI:0.929~0.993,P < 0.05)是老年冠心病患者近期心血管事件和全因死亡风险增加的独立危险因素;对于下呼吸道感染老年稳定性冠心病患者,RDW还具有叠加于感染之上的危险评估价值。 结论 老年稳定性冠心病患者在急性下呼吸道感染后,RDW的增加可作为除感染之外的预测近期心血管事件和死亡的独立危险因素。RDW增加应作为老年冠心病患者感染后风险评估的重要指标,指导临床医生更为积极地预防心血管事件和死亡。

[关键词] 急性下呼吸道感染;稳定性冠心病;红细胞分布宽度;心血管事件

[中图分类号] R541.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)05(b)-0044-06

Prognostic value of red cell distribution width in the elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease after acute lower respiratory tract infection

ZHAO Xiaoqian LUO Leiming▲

Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the prognostic value of red cell distribution width (RDW) in the elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease after acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI). Methods The study population consisted of 426 consecutive patients admitted for stable coronary disease in Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2011 and December 2013, and they were divided into two groups according to whether acute lower respiratory tract infection or not. They were follow-up for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the following 7 d (D7), 30 d (D30) and 90 d (D90). Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate independent predictors of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Results Compared with the non-infection group, the prevalence of composite cardiovascular events with D7, D30 and D90 in the infection group were statistically significantly increased (10.9% vs 2.4%, 20.6% vs 6.5%, 31.9% vs 13.6%, all P < 0.05), and the prevalence of all-cause mortality with D30 and D90 in the infection group were also increased (3.9% vs 0.6%,13.2% vs 1.7%, all P < 0.05), in addition to the prevalence of all-cause mortality D7 (1.2% vs 0.0 %,P > 0.05). The level of RDW in the infection group was significantly higher than that of the non-infection group [(13.8±1.6) vs (13.4±1.0), P < 0.01], RDW was related with acute lower respiratory tract infection (OR=1.318, 95%CI: 1.112-1.562, P < 0.01), and the level of RDW in event group was higher than that in non-event group [(14.1±2) vs (13.5±1.1), P < 0.01]. Multiple factors regression analysis showed that, chronic kidney disease (OR=1.967, 95%CI: 1.105-3.502, P < 0.05), acute lower respiratory tract infection (OR=4.433, 95%CI: 2.580-7.713, P < 0.01), elevated red cell distribution width (OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.020-1.420, P=0.028) and decreased cardiac ejection fraction (OR=0.961, 95%CI: 0.929-0.993, P=0.018) were independent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Increasing of RDW can predict cardiovascular events and short-term death of elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease after acute lower respiratory infections. Increasing of RDW should be as the important index of risk assessment in elderly patients with coronary heart disease after infection, so as to direct the clinical doctors to more positively prevent the cardiovascular events and death.

[Key words] Acute lower respiratory tract infection; Stable coronary artery disease; Red cell distribution width; Cardiovascular events

在急性感染性疾病中,急性呼吸道感染的发病率最高,在老年人中更为显著,是导致老年患者住院的最常见疾病。不仅如此,急性呼吸道感染还是诱发各种心血管事件和死亡的最主要原因之一,具体机制还未被完全认识清楚[1]。研究发现,老年患者发生急性下呼吸道感染(acute lower respiratory infection,ALRTI)后的病死率可高达50%,其中约1/4死于入院后30 d内出现的各种心血管事件,如急性冠脉综合征、急性脑血管意外和急性心力衰竭等。近期研究发现,感染与心血管事件间的关联,不仅存在于感染后的早期阶段,感染后的相当一段时间内,这种风险仍然存在[2]。因此,应用CUR-65、PSI等评分工具,对感染患者进行危险评估和危险分层,可能指导采取相应的预防措施,降低各种事件发生率和病死率。

红细胞分布宽度(red cell distribution width,RDW)是测定红细胞大小差异性的一项参数,反映红细胞体积的离散程度,多用于贫血诊断、鉴别诊断以及形态学分类。……

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