宫颈癌筛查方案研究进展
2015-08-18陈娇孔为民
陈娇++孔为民
[摘要] 宫颈癌是严重威胁女性健康的最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤。宫颈癌筛查是早期发现宫颈癌和癌前病变,降低其发病率和病死率的重要手段。针对不同地区资源条件和人群风险度,细胞学检查、人乳头状瘤病毒检测及肉眼观察等单独或联合运用均是可选择的宫颈癌筛查方案。应综合考虑不同筛查方案的效果和成本,选择最优化的筛查方案。
[关键词] 子宫颈癌;筛查;方案;策略
[中图分类号] R737.33 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)05(b)-0027-05
Research progress of cervical cancer screening strategies
CHEN Jiao KONG Weimin
Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
[Abstract] Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the female genitals, which seriously threatens the health of female. Cervical cancer screening is significant measure to detect cervical cancer and precancerous lesion early and to reduce the incidence rate and mortality. Cervical cytology screening, HPV testing and direct inspection alone or co-testing are all proper cervical cancer screening strategies proposed for different regions and population risk degree. We need to consider the effectiveness and cost, and choose the most optimized screening strategies.
[Key words] Cervical cancer; Screening; Strategies
宫颈癌是最常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤,严重威胁着女性的生命和健康。宫颈癌筛查作为宫颈癌预防的重要措施,可有效地降低其发生率和病死率。宫颈癌的筛查方法包括宫颈细胞学检查、人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)检测及肉眼观察法等。受不同国家及地区社会经济水平差异的影响,关于宫颈癌筛查的策略目前尚无统一规范。如何选择适合不同地区和人群的最佳的筛查方案,是医疗工作者亟待解决的问题。本文综述目前宫颈癌筛查方案的研究进展,为进一步制订和完善宫颈癌筛查策略提供理论依据。
1 宫颈癌的筛查方案
2012年美国癌症协会(American Cancer Society,ACS)、美国阴道镜及宫颈病理学协会(American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology,ASCCP)、美国临床病理协会(American Society for Clinical Pathology,ASCP)宫颈癌筛查指南指出,最佳的宫颈癌筛查方案应满足以下条件:既能早期发现有可能进展为宫颈癌的癌前病变,又避免对一些良性病变进行不必要的治疗,使筛查效益最大化而将对人群的伤害降到最低[1]。此外,还应考虑到不同地区社会经济条件下各种筛查方案的可行性,综合评价不同筛查方案的卫生经济效益,选择最优化的筛查方案。……
