刘双喜　范连祥　李现道等

摘要：为解决烟草种植过程中人工浇水成本高、劳动强度大、水资源浪费严重等问题，设计了一种基于ARM系统的烟草智能定量浇水机，该机可实现烟草的自动化定量浇水。烟草智能定量浇水机主要由行走系统、检测控制系统、光箱、电磁阀等组成。该机在行走系统作用下前进时，由摄像头检测垄上烟草位置，将采集的数据传递给ARM系统，ARM系统再向电磁阀控制电路输出一个控制信号，控制电磁阀打开，完成浇水作业。通过ARM系统中的程序控制电磁阀打开时间的长短，从而确定浇水量。试验结果表明，烟草智能定量浇水机的检测准确率为98%，浇水准确率为97%，效果能够满足烟草栽培管理的农艺要求。

关键词：烟草；浇水机；检测；控制；定量

中图分类号：S274.4 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2015）01-0124-06

Abstract In order to solve the problems present in tobacco planting process such as high cost of artificial watering， large labor intensity and serious waste of water resource， a kind of tobacco intelligent quantitative watering machine based on the ARM system was designed. This machine could complete the automatic and quantitative tobacco watering. This machine consists of walking system， detection and control system， light box and electromagnetic valve. When the watering machine moved forward controlled by the walking system， the camera detected the position of tobacco plant on the ridge and transferred the data to the ARM system， and then the ARM system outputted a control signal to the control circuit of electromagnetic valve to open the electromagnetic valve and complete the watering operation. The programs in the ARM system could determine the watering quantity by controlling the opening time of electromagnetic valve. The test results showed that the detection accuracy of tobacco intelligent quantitative watering machine reached to 98%， and the watering accuracy reached to 97%， so it could meet the agronomic requirements of tobacco cultivation.

Key words Tobacco； Watering machine； Detection； Control； Quantification

烟草是我国主要经济作物之一，种植烟草已成为增加农民收入和财政税收的重要组成部分[1]。在烟草的生长期间，水分直接影响着烟草的生长发育、生理生化代谢以及产量和品质[2～5]，适时、适量的浇水是保证烟农获得高产、优质烟叶的重要环节。

目前，以美国、日本为代表的烟草生产技术发达国家，其烟草田间管理已基本实现高度机械化[6]。如美国移栽机公司（Mechanical Transplanter）生产的吊杯式膜上移栽机，作业时能完成膜上移栽、注水、覆土镇压等作业，由于对育草的要求低，因此在生产中得到了广泛应用；但由于采用四杆机构吊杯，机械结构复杂，成本高。加拿大研制的烟叶“转植机”可实现集挖穴、栽烟、浇水、施肥、封土为一体，但需要的人力较多。……