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中考动词短语考点全接触

2015-07-13陈祥

试题与研究·中考英语 2015年1期
关键词:真题副词介词

陈祥

动词短语是指动词与介词或副词等搭配而构成的固定短语,为各地中考命题者所青睐,是历年中考必考的热点内容之一。 本文拟结合近年部分地区的中考真题,对五类动词短语进行一一解读,供同学们复习时参考。

一、对“动词+介词”类短语的考查

这类动词短语主要有:agree with; argue with; ask for; begin with; belong to; care about; care for; come from; deal with; depend on; fall behind; fall off; get off; get on; get to; hear from; hear of; laugh at; listen to; look after; look at; look for; look like; look through; take after; wait for等。这类短语均应被视为及物动词,其宾语不管是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词之后,而不能放在动词和介词之间。

【真题1】(2014年抚州卷) Li Yan is a helpful girl. She always my little sister while Im away.

A. looks for B. takes after

C. looks afterD. runs after

【分析】句意为:李燕是个乐于助人的女孩。在我外出时她总是照顾我的妹妹。look after意为“照看,照顾”,符合题意。选C。

【真题2】(2014年南京卷) —Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and my bowls and dishes.

—He should be careful next time.

A. knocked offB. took off

C. showed offD. turned off

【分析】句意为:昨天汤姆走过我的餐桌,撞翻了我的碗和菜。knock off意为“撞翻”,符合题意。选A。

【真题3】(2014年遂宁卷) We are planning to go for a picnic this weekend, but it the weather.

A. keeps onB. puts on

C. depends on

【分析】句意为:我们正计划这个周末去野餐,但由天气决定。depend on意为“依靠,依赖”,符合题意。选C。

二、对“动词+副词”类短语的考查

这类动词短语主要有:break down; break off; cheer up; clean up; come out; eat up; find out; fix up; get back; give away; give out; give up; hand in; hand out; look over; look up; move away; pass on; pick out; put away; put off; put on; put out; put up; run off; run out; sell out; set up; stay up; take away; take off; take out; think over; try on; turn on / off; turn up / down; use up; wake up; work out; write down等。如果这类短语后面的宾语是名词,名词可放在副词之前,也可放在副词之后;如果其宾语是代词,则代词只能放在动词和副词之间。

【真题1】(2014年滨州卷) Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better .

A. set it upB. give it up

C. pick it upD. look it up

【分析】句意为:吸烟有害健康。你最好戒烟。give up意为“放弃”,符合题意。选B。

【真题2】(2014年安顺卷) Spring has come. We cant the plan. The trees must be planted this week.

A. put offB. make up

C. come up withD. look up

【分析】句意为:春天已经来了。我们不能推迟计划。本周必须栽上这些树。put off意为“推迟”,符合题意。选A。

【真题3】(2014年曲靖卷) —Look! There is some fish left. Its a waste of food.

—We should .

A. put it outB. sell it out

C. drink it upD. eat it up

【分析】句意为:——看!还剩下一些鱼。太浪费食物了。——我们应该把它吃光。eat up意为“吃光,吃完”,符合题意。选D。

【真题4】(2014年广州卷) —Do you want to eat here?

—No. Just fish and chips to , please.

A. get awayB. take away

C. send awayD. throw away

【分析】句意为:——你想在这儿吃吗?——不,只要打包的鱼和炸土豆条。take away意为“拿走,带走”,符合题意。选B。

三、对“动词+副词+介词” 类短语的考查

这类动词短语主要有:catch / keep up with; come up with; do well in; get out of; go on / along with; keep out of; look down on / upon; look forward to; run out of; stay away from等。这类短语动词均应视为及物动词,其宾语必须放在介词之后。

【真题1】(2014年重庆A卷) We should think of others if we want to them.

A. get on well with

B. hear of

C. get ready for

D. hear from

【分析】句意为:如果我们想跟别人融洽相处,就应该为他们着想。get on well with意为“与……相处融洽”,符合题意。选A。

【真题2】(2014年潍坊卷) —Have you seen the film Coming Home directed by Zhang Yimou?

—Not yet. Im seeing it. Its said the film is great!

A. looking down onB. looking out for

C. looking up toD. looking forward to

【分析】句意为:——你看过张艺谋导演的电影《归来》了吗?——还没有。我期待看一看。据说这部电影很棒!look forward to意为“期待,盼望”,符合题意。选D。

【真题3】(2014年菏泽卷) “Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now. We need to a plan about it.

A. come up withB. put up

C. call upD. set up

【分析】句意为:现在离“雷锋日”仅有两周了。我们需要为此想出一个计划。come up with意为“想出,提出(答案、主意、解决办法等)”,符合题意。选A。

四、对“动词+名词+介词” 类短语的考查

这类动词短语主要有:have a look at; make friends with; make fun of; make room for; make use of; pay attention to; play a joke on sb.; say goodbye to; take care of; take part in; take pride in等。这类短语也应视为及物动词,其宾语必须放在介词之后。

【真题1】(2013年呼和浩特卷) When you visit a museum you should the instructions and dont be against them.

A. compare withB. look forward to

C. pay attention toD. try out

【分析】句意为:当你参观博物馆的时候,你应当注意参观须知并且不要违反。pay attention to意为“注意”,符合题意。选C。

【真题2】(2014年临沂卷) When you are swimming, your ears. You can use earplugs (耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears.

A. take afterB. take part in

C. take offD. take care of

【分析】句意为:当你游泳的时候,注意保护好耳朵。你可以用耳塞来阻止水进入你的耳朵。take care of意为“照顾,注意,关心”,符合题意。选D。

五、对“be +形容词+介词” 类短语的考查

这类动词短语主要有:be afraid of; be amazed at; be angry with; be busy with; be careful of; be different from; be familiar with; be famous for; be far from; be filled with; be friendly to; be full of; be good at; be good for; be late for; be popular with; be proud of; be similar to; be strict in / with; be surprised at; be worried about; be / become interested in等。这类短语中的动词都是系动词be,短语的宾语也必须放在介词之后。

【真题1】(2014年宜宾卷) The old man was so the good news that he couldnt say a word.

A. interested inB. excited about

C. afraid ofD. worried about

【分析】句意为:那位老人听到这个好消息后是如此兴奋,以至于说不出话来。be excited about 意为“对……感到兴奋”,符合题意。选B。

【真题2】(2014年山西卷) —Mum. I did best in our group discussion today.

—Well done! I you.

A. am mad atB. am patient with

C. am proud of

【分析】句意为:——妈妈,今天我在小组讨论中表现最好。——做得好!我以你为荣。be proud of意为“为……自豪,以……为荣”,符合题意。选C。

【真题3】(2014年乌鲁木齐卷) The scarf which is silk soft and comfortable.

A. made from; feelsB. made of; feels

C. made in; smellsD. made up of; smells

【分析】句意为:这个丝绸围巾摸起来柔软而又舒适。be made of意为“由……制成”,从制成品还能看得出原材料是什么;feel在此为感官动词,表示事或物“(令人)感觉起来(怎么样)”,其主语多为表示事或物的名词或代词。选B。

强化训练:

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.My father is a simple man and he doesnt his clothes.

A. care forB. care about

C. take careD. take care of

2. Its cold outside. Youd better your coat.

A. put onB. take off

C. put awayD. take after

3.I wanted to by telling her the good news.

A. cheer on herB. cheer her on

C. cheer up herD. cheer her up

4.—Michael, your bedroom is in a mess.

—Sorry, Mum. Ill my things at once.

A. put onB. put away

C. put outD. put up

5.The salt soon. Im going to buy some tomorrow.

A. runs outB. runs out of

C. is running outD. is running out of

6.He was because of his laziness.

A. looked down on

B. looked out of

C. looked forward to

D. looked up and down

7.—I have trouble in learning math this term.

—You should Pauls advice.

A. compare withB. look forward to

C. pay attention toD. try on

8.We should afterclass activities more often.

A. take careB. take part in

C. take afterD. take care of

9. Most of my classmates dont like to talk with their parents, but I am them. I love to talk with my parents.

A. the same asB. different from

C. interested inD. angry with

10.—My spoken English is poor. What shall I do?

—Join an English language club to practice, youll it.

A. be good atB. drop in

C. be good forD. deal with

Key:

1~5 BADBC 6~10 ACBBA

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