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双宾语的“三重门”

2015-06-01周童瑜

求学·文科版 2015年2期
关键词:结构

周童瑜

能带双宾语的及物动词,我们接触最早的当属give这个动词,记忆起来相当的简单。但事实上,双宾语结构并非“so easy”,我们首先以五个句子来重温一下双宾语结构的语法要点。

①The company paid the customer $100 as compensation.

②The company paid $100 to the customer as compe-nsation.

③The compensation was $100, and the company paid it to the customer without delay.

④The customer was paid $100 as compensation.

⑤$100 was paid to the customer as compensation.

上面五个句子都是关于pay这个动词带双宾语的语法要点,第一句代表pay sb sth;第二句代表了直接宾语和间接宾语的位置变更,pay通常搭配to,即pay sth to sb;第三句代表了双宾语动词遇到直接宾语是代词的情况,此时要将充当直接宾语的代词置于间接宾语之前;第四句和第五句则分别以间接宾语和直接宾语为主语把句子变成被动语态,呈现了双宾语的基本被动语态法则。

似乎只要掌握上面五个句子,就能让你一脚踏入了双宾语之门,但实际上没有那么简单。要想掌握双宾语的门道,你不仅需要知道哪些动词可以带双宾语,更要知道,那些似乎能带但事实上不能带双宾语的动词到底该如何使用。本文将彻底为你解惑。

第一重门:直接带双宾语的动词

通常认为,英语中有如下动词可以带双宾语,它们是:accord,afford,allocate,allow,appoint,ask,assign,assure,award,bake,bet,bring,build,buy,call,catch,cause,charge,cook,cost,cut,deal,deliver,deny,design,do,draw,drop,earn,feed,find,fine,forgive,get,give,grant,guarantee,hand,hunt,keep,leave,lend,lose,make,mail,name,offer,order,overpay,owe,pass,pay,permit,play,prescribe,profit,promise,purchase,quote,read,refuse,render,save,sell,send,serve,set,show,spare,supply,take,teach,tell,throw,win,wish,write等。

1.The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims.

A.rewarded B.awarded C.credited D.prized

2. However, they persevered and their bone structure gradually became adapted to the new, unstable position that ______ them the name Homo erectus, upright man.

A.obtained B.called C.deserved D.earned

【点拨】第1题reward是奖赏,酬谢;award是颁发,赏给;credit是赊欠,给予荣誉;prize是珍视,估价。横线后同时有the police officer和a medal of honor两个宾语,可见横线处需要一个双宾语动词,只有B项能带双宾语,意思极为接近的reward不能带双宾语,常用的是reward sb for sth或reward sb with sth这两个结构。第2题横线后有them和the name两个宾语,四个选项中,obtain和deserve后跟单宾语,只有call和earn可以接双宾语。根据句子意思,此处earn的意思“(为……)博得,使得到”更贴合句意,故选D项。

第二重门:意义固定的双宾语动词


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