周童瑜

看到ing，也许你的脑海会认为它就是一个表示进行时的标志，或者干脆用非谓语动词的一种来将其概括。但实际上，它的用法在语法中就像一个个奇境，想要完全吃透得费一番气力。下面我们就通过例句来看看“ing”的奇境到底有哪些。

奇境记一：时态之境

ing在时态中，主要有过去、现在和将来三种进行时，我们通过两道题来将其“秒杀”。

1. —Oh， dear. I forgot the air tickets. —You

______ something.

A. have left B. are always leaving

C. are leaving D. always left

2. —Hey， look where you are going？ —Oh， I'm terribly sorry， _____.

A. I'm not noticing B. I wasnt noticing

C. I haven't noticed D. I dont notice

解析：第1题选B，表示习惯性动作，丢三落四。第2题选B，表示刚才未留意。

时态之境也涉及ing式的被动态，如：I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. have加ing是受到介词of的影响， 使用完成式结构是强调chosen的动作发生在heard之前。

奇境记二：状语之境

ing在状语中，主要涉及伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语、让步状语和结果状语。伴随状语：They went out of the classroom， talking and laughing. 时间状语：Having been shown the lab， we were taken to see the school library. 原因状语：Being ill， he didnt go to school yesterday. 让步状语： Knowing all this， they made me pay for the damage. 结果状语：His father died， leaving him a lot of money. ing式作结果状语通常表示谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。 请看一道题目：

3. European football is played in 80 countries， _____it the most popular sports in the world.

A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

解析：该题选A而非选D。需要提醒考生的是，to do做结果状语时，往往强调难以意料的结果。

奇境记三：否定之境

ing的否定形式是直接在其动词ing形式前加not。如：His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. Not having studied his lessons very hard， he failed the examinations. 考生要注意两个例句的不同类型。再看一道题目：

4.______the programme， they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A.Not completing B.Not completed

C.Not having completed D.Having not completed

解析：此题考查ing的完成式的否定用法。根据题意，“未完成”和“逗留”两者有明显的时间先后，所以需用ing的完成式，且分词的否定形式应在分词前直接加not，故选C。

奇境记四：句型之境

ing在一些特定句型中，有些指定动词必须加ing。如：It is no use/good crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time /worth / worthless reading the whole story. We have difficulty / trouble/bother/a problem （in） finishing the work. 此外还有be busy （in） doing sth， spend some time （in） doing sth， have fun/a good time （in） doing等句型。

奇境记五：介词之境

介词后面的动词必须加ing，这是常识。下面我们通过一道题，看看介词之境遭遇“距离”，该如何破解。……