□ 文/龙韵

重庆上半年的经济发展整体较好。在国内总体经济发展速度放缓的大环境下，重庆上半年GDP增速达11%，居全国首位。特别值得关注的是，在全国进出口同比下降7.8%的大背景下，重庆的进出口贸易依然保持了快速增长：出口增长18.1%，进出口总额达2616.57亿元，居全国第10位、中西部第1位；一般贸易同比增长了96.7%，达1399.95亿元，占上半年全市外贸进出口总额的半壁江山。同时，跨境人民币结算979亿美元，增长30.2%，其中离岸金融结算414.5亿美元，结算规模保持中西部首位。

不沿边不靠海的重庆，是实打实的内陆城市，六年前的进出口总额仅有60亿美元，去年达到了955亿美元，为6年前的16倍，今年上半年出口继续高速增长。重庆成为了真正的外向型城市。

笔电为代表的电子产业成为出口大军

重庆紧紧抓住了2008年金融危机后全球范围内笔电需求猛增的历史机遇，创建了西永微电产业园，筑巢引凤，率先引进了惠普、富士康两大笔记本制造巨头，进一步带动了华硕、宏碁等众多笔电企业进住重庆。重庆笔电产业不仅实现了从无到有，而且一举成为全球最大的笔电制造基地，并以外向型为主导，世界上每三台笔电就有一台是“重庆造”。笔电产业的形成，又进一步带动了通讯设备、打印设备、显示设备及云计算等一系列相关信息产业的蓬勃兴起。

寸滩港 摄影：唐明

自去年起，笔电就已经成为重庆出口的大头，以笔电为代表的电子信息产业去年一年出口占全市外贸进出口的四成多。今年上半年，行业累计完成工业总产值375.3亿元，同比增长52.7%；不仅笔电成为了重庆外贸出口的重要支柱，继续领跑出口产业，还带动了其他电子产业出口的发展。上半年机电产品出口增长21.6%，占全市出口额的69.8%，其中集成电路、手机出口额增长约六、七倍。

此外还加强了产业配套引进，截止今年上半年，已有895家笔电配套企业在渝签约落户，其中今年上半年新签约企业有38家。以笔电为龙头的电子信息产业集群更加夯实。

“渝新欧”成为重庆对外贸易骨干通道

重庆地处国家“一带一路”和“长江经济带”两大战略的交汇点，既是“渝新欧”铁路的起点，也位于21世纪海上丝绸之路的产业腹地，可启东承西、连南贯北。得天独厚的地理位置成为重庆融入国家“一带一路”战略的重要基础和支撑。重庆紧紧抓住笔电产业出口契机，积极推动“渝新欧”铁路于2011年1月开通，全程11179公里，连接6个国家，还将继续西延至欧盟总部所在国比利时的最大港口城市安特卫普。开通以来，“渝新欧”已经取得了质的发展，彻底改变了中国西部的货物出口欧洲只能从东南沿海出发的传统格局，成为了全球战线最长的国际贸易铁路大通道，也为重庆发展外向型经济提供最有力的推动和保证。

“1+N”集结和分拨模式。“渝新欧”去回程班列均已形成“1+N”集结和分拨模式。“1”即以中国重庆——德国杜伊斯堡为主线，深化了中德经济双赢发展；“N”即可根据客户需要选择沿线国家作为集结点和分拨点，极大提升“渝新欧”运输线的腹地能力和对沿途国家连接东西的能力，深化了亚欧大陆中部与亚洲东部、欧洲的互通互联。

“渝新欧”沿线国家还共同启动了内陆唯一的中欧“安智贸”项目，建立更加安全、智能和高效的国际贸易运输链。正如杜伊斯堡市经济促进局局长拉尔夫·莫伊雷尔关于“渝新欧”铁路的论述：渝新欧是把幸运的钥匙，它有潜力进一步让杜伊斯堡成为德中贸易关系的中心，还必将开启更多的金锁。

班列破百。半年内，“渝新欧”已经开行超过一百趟，是所有中欧班列中“破百”最快的铁路之一，从去年的每月一班发展到现在的每周两班。今年1—7月几乎相当于去年一年的总运量，预计全年还能实现250班，其中约80-100班为回程货物。“渝新欧”已成为开行最早、运行最稳定、货源最丰富、安全最有保障的集装箱班列。

时间及成本双降。随着国际运输通过效率提高和“五定班列”的开拓，“渝新欧”在这半年将运输时间从14天缩短到12天，是海运的一半。每个集装箱每公里运价由1美元降至0.55美元左右，基本与海运运价持平。运输时间的缩短和成本的降低，极大地提高了“渝新欧”物流大通道的国际货运竞争力。

货源不断丰富。开运之初，“渝新欧”去程货源主要为重庆制造的IT产品。到今年上半年，已全面拓展到汽车整车及零配件、机械产品、服装、鞋帽、日用品以及工艺工业用品等多个品类，还开通了云南后古咖啡专列。回程货源则覆盖欧洲多国的汽车及零部件、机械装备、日用品、化妆品、奶粉等。其中培育汽车整车进口产业链，通过“渝新欧”实现平行贸易进口汽车7批次。

功能进一步拓展。重庆市将继续拓展渝新欧的功能：一是把“渝新欧”建成具有重庆特色的跨境电商物流“撒手锏”，通过发展平行进口、保税商品展示、积极争取降低各种税负等，促进“欧洲商品重庆卖”，使“渝新欧”真正成为经济辐射和集聚的纽带。二是把“渝新欧”建设成为丝绸之路经济带的主通道。通过铁水联运，把“渝新欧”和长江黄金水道、21世纪海上丝绸之路连接起来。三是进一步理顺“渝新欧”的物流组织体系。要让跨境电商的备货仓库和“渝新欧”物流体系融合，形成一个血脉相连的物流贸易有机体。

建立综合立体运输与开放口岸：提升对外经济服务保障

寸滩港、果园港两个现代化内河深水港区相继建成。这些港口是长江黄金水道和渝新欧大通道的关键节点，将促进中国长江沿岸城市与欧洲各国进行快速、方便的货物运输交换，促进渝新欧国际铁路大通道常态运行。

国际航空运输迅速发展。已开通38条国际航线，国际通达城市31个，每周总航班数超过40班。2014年国际货邮吞吐量8.35万吨，今年上半年为3.64万吨。江北机场第三跑道及航站楼即将于2016年建成投运，国际航空客货运输能力将大大提升，增进与世界各国互联互通。

重庆依托渝新欧着力构建“三个三合一”的口岸开放平台，不断完善以航空、水运、铁路3大交通枢纽、3大一类口岸、3大保税区为主的16个口岸区域。具备了口岸签证、72小时免签、保税航油等功能，拥有汽车整车、进口肉类、水果和冰鲜水产品等指定口岸。电子口岸虚拟平台初具规模，已经搭建起网络硬件平台，上线跨境贸易电子商务、铁路口岸通关辅助系统等10多个应用项目。

不断完善口岸服务，加快形成大通关格局。海关在市内各口岸以及特殊区域已实现“区港融合、区区联动”，顺利启动检验检疫推行“通报、通检、通放”关检合作“三个一”。积极参与长江经济带区域通关通检一体化改革，建立起沪渝川等口岸大通关合作机制。重庆还是中欧“安智贸”中国唯一内陆口岸，保证了国际铁路通关效率和安全。启动了国际贸易“单一窗口”建设。着力打造跨境电子商务全业务流程，建成跨境电子商务公共服务平台。启动实施了深化内陆开放高地建设重点工作任务，获批贸易多元化试点。

服务外包：后来居上高起点发展

重庆是全国21个服务外包示范城市之一。今年上半年完成服务贸易进出口62亿美元，增长22%。其中较高端的知识流程外包（KPO）占69%，占比重远高于全国平均水平。重庆的服务外包虽然起步较晚，但已发展成为外贸进出口发展新动力之一，在“重庆制造“之外，新兴的“重庆服务”也在外向型经济中起到推动作用。

重庆的服务外包产业有三大明显的优势。一是优秀的投资环境。重庆整体经济发展速度稳定，国际竞争力稳步提升，同时具有低税费、低物流成本、低要素成本、低房产成本、低融资成本等投资环境优势。二是丰富的人力资源。高校众多，覆盖专业全面，职业技术扎实。如永川区依附职业高校人才集中的优势建立了服务外包产业园区，2014年确定为重庆市首批大数据试点园区。三是良好的产业基础。重庆依托电子信息、装备制造、汽车等产业集群，加快了工业化和信息化的深度融合，加快了服务外包产业布局。

随着重庆“云计算中心”、“全球物联网产业高地”、“灾备数据中心”、“机器人公共服务平台”、“西部声谷”、“移动网谷”、“金融后台”等新兴产业渐具规模，重庆的服务外包产业前景更加广阔，发展越来越让世界认可的“重庆服务”。

跨境电商：崭露头角的外贸新星

重庆是全国五大跨境电商示范城市之一。上半年，重庆的跨境电子商务已实现成交额2亿元，全年有望实现成交额3.5亿元。这看似在全市上半年进出口总额所占比重很小，但上半年跨境电商同比增长了近50倍，半年的交易额几乎是去年全年的3倍，这样的发展速度，跨境电商无疑是这半年外贸进出口发展的新星。

“渝新欧”及对外航空物流运输的发展和保税港区的建立，是重庆跨境电商发展势头如此迅猛的最主要原因，也是“两手抓”的成果。一方面抓跨境电商企业的发展，夯实产业发展基础，京东、全球购、蜜芽宝贝等电商企业已进入重庆，目前跨境电商企业近百家。另一方面是更好地打造O2O新模式，充分发挥保税港区作用，线下体验、线上订单，保证消费者满意的消费体验。两路寸滩和西永两个保税港区的成立，保税商品展示交易中心的陆续开业，为跨境电商B2B、B2C双项发展提供了重要的市场条件。

由此可见，重庆作为“一带一路”和“长江经济带”两大国家战略交汇节点，正着力建设“一带一路”重要支撑和长江经济带西部中心枢纽，努力扩大对外开放，曾是内陆腹地的重庆在外向型经济道路上将迎来全新的发展机遇，融入全球化经济发展轨道指日可待。

位于寸滩的集装箱码头 摄影：杜宗泽

Chongqing’s economy development as a whole is good in the first half of this year.As the overall economy slowed down in China,Chongqing still achieved an increase rate of 11% in GDP,ranking first in China.It is well worth noting that under the circumstance of China’s export and import falling down 7.8% over the same period of last year,Chongqing’s export and import continued to maintain a rapid growth—export increased by18.1%,total export and import reached 261,657 million yuan,ranking tenth in the nation and first in the central and west provinces.The general trade grew 96.7 % to 139,995 million yuan,accounting for a half of the total export and import.Meanwhile,the total cross boarder RMB settlement hit 97,900 million yuan,an increase of 30.2%;the offshore finance settlement reached 41,450 million yuan,ranking first in the midwest regions.

Chongqing is not near the national border or sea but an inland city with sound economy development.Six years ago,the total export and import were only 6 billion US dollars while it reached 95.5 billion US dollars last year,increasing by 16 times.In the first half of this year,the export continued to enjoy a rapid growth.Chongqing has become a real export-oriented city.

Notebook Computer : the Main Representative of Exports in Electronics Industry

After the 2008 financial crisis,the demand for notebook computers increased greatly in the world.Chongqing seized the opportunity to build Xiyong Micro-electronics Industrial Park,firstly introducing two computer manufacturing giants,Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) and Foxconn Group and further attracting ASUS and Acer to set up branch companies.The notebook computer industries in Chongqing develop very fast and make Chongqing become the biggest export-oriented computer manufacturing base in the globe.Every three notebook computers in the world,one is made in Chongqing.Related information industries such as communication equipment,printing equipment,display device and cloud computing are boosted to develop vigorously.

Since last year,notebook computers have been the bulk of Chongqing’s exports.The export volume of such electronic information products accounted for 40% of the foreign export and import last year.In the first half of this year,the total industry output value reached 37,530 million yuan,an increase of 52.7% over the same period of last year.As an important pillar in Chongqing’s exports,notebook computer industry also drives the export of other electronic products.In the first half of this year,the export volume of mechanical and electrical products increased by 21.6%,accounting for 69.8% of the total export.Integrated circuit and mobile phone export increased by 6-7 times.

In addition,the introduction of supporting industries is strengthened.Up to the first half of this year,895 notebook computer supporting industries,of which 38 businesses are new signatories in the first half year,have settled in Chongqing.Thus the electronic information industry cluster led by notebook computer is more intensive and solid.

Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway —A Main Trade Route for Chongqing’s Export

Chongqing is located in where the “One Belt and One Road”and Yangtze River Economic Zone meet.As the starting point of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway and industry hinterland of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,Chongqing links China closely.The uniquely advantaged geographical location has become an important foundation and support for Chongqing to participate in national “One Belt and One Road”Initiative.Chongqing takes the export of notebook computers to actively push the construction of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway which was in operation in January,2011.The railway connects 6 countries with a journey of 11,179 kilometers and will further extend to the biggest port city in Belgium where the European headquarter is situated.Since its running,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway has made substantial progress in transforming the traditional situations of the exports from the western China to Europe only south-east coastal ports accessible.As the longest international trade railway,it provides Chongqing with the effective drive and support to develop export-oriented economy.

“1+N”Assembly and Distribution Pattern.The round trip of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway has formed the pattern of “1+N”assembly and distribution.“1”refers to the Chongqing-Duisburg main route which has deepened the winwin cooperation in economy between China and Germany;“N”refers to the countries along the railway chosen as the goods assembly and distribution points according to the customers’demands.This has greatly enhanced the railway transportation capacity and deepened connectivity between the central Eurasian continent,the eastern Asia and Europe.

The countries along Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway have made joint efforts to launch the only inland project-Chian-EU Secure and Smart Trade Line Pilot Program (SSTL),aiming to build a more efficient ,safer and smarter international trade conveying chain.Chairman of Duisburg Economic Promotion Bureau,Ralph Meurer pointed has made a comment about Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway that as a lucky key,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway has the potential to make Duisburg become the center of German-China Economy and would unlock more golden locks.

More Than 100 Trips.In half a year,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway,the fastest route that exceeds 100 trips in China-EU routes,has been operation for 100 trips.Last year,train run one trip every month,but now it run 2 trips every month.From January to July of this year,the total traffic volume almost amounts to that in last year.It is estimated that another 250 trips,of which about 80 to100 return trips with goods,will be realized this year .So far,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway has been the earliest,safest and stablest cargoabundant line.

Both Time and Cost Decrease.With the increase of international transportation efficiency and the expansion of “Five Established Trains”,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway has shorten the trip time from 14 days to 12 days,a half of sea transportation time.Transport costs of every cargo container have dropped to o.55 dollar from 1 dollar,almost equal to shipping fees.These two factors greatly improve the international cargo transport competitiveness of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway as the large logistics channel.

The Varieties of Cargo Increase.At the beginning of its operation,Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway mainly undertook the transport of IT products made in Chongqing.In the first half of this year,the cargo extends to complete cars,spare parts,mechanical products,clothes,shoes,hats,daily necessities and craft and industrial products.In addition,a special train is in operation for Hogood Coffee made in Yunnan.The return cargo covers cars and spare parts made in European countries,mechanical equipment,daily necessities,cosmetics and milk powder etc..By cultivating complete autoimported chain,seven batches of parallel-import cars have been transported to China.

Functions expand further.Chongqing will continue to expand the functions of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway.Firstly,Chongqing will build Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway into a cross-border e-commerce center with Chongqing’s characteristics.By promoting parallel-import commodities,displaying bonded goods and reducing tax burden,the selling activities of goods imported from Europe in Chongqing will be promoted,thus making Chongqing truly become an economic bond with the effects of magnet and beacon.Secondly,Chongqing will build Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway as the main channel of Silk Road Economic Belt.Railway and water transport will link Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway,Golden Waterway of Yangtze River and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road closely.Thirdly,the logistics organization system of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway will be improved.Cross-border goods warehouses of e-businesses will be integrated with Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe logistics system,forming a close logistics trade organism.

Build A Comprehensive and Three-dimensional Transportation and Open Port :

Strengthen Foreign Trade Security

As two modern inland harbor districts,Cuntan Port and Guanyuan Port have been built successively.They are critical joints of the Golden Waterway of Yangtze River and Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway,and will advance the fast and convenient transport of goods exchange between China’s cities along Yangtze River and European countries,and maintain the normal run of Yunxinou International Railway.

International air transport develops rapidly.Chongqing Jiangbei Airport has opened 38 international air routes connecting 31 cities in other countries and the total flights excess 40 every week.In 2014,the amount of cargo and mail throughput amounted to 83,500 tons.In the first half of this year,the amount has reached 36,400 tons.The third runway and airport terminal will be completed and put into operation in 2016 ,and thus the international air transport capacity for passengers and cargoes,and connectivity among countries will be enhanced greatly.

“Three Threes into One”Initiative refers to the development of 16 open port platforms,mainly including three large transportation junctions-air ,water and railway transportation,three national first-class ports and three major bonded areas.Chongqing is making full efforts to carry out this initiative relaying on Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international channel.Now these open platforms have the functions of port visa applying,72 hours visa-free and bonded aviation oil and certain ports such as complete automobiles port,meatimported port,fruit port and fresh-frozen aquatic products port.Virtual electronic port platform has taken shape and more than 10 application projects such as network hardware platforms,on-line cross-border e-commerce and railway ports customs clearance assistance system,have been carried out .

Port services will be improved constantly to set up a port customs clearance system.In ports and special areas,the integration of ports and districts and connectivity among districts has been realized.The initiative of “Three Ones”-“report,check and pass”inspection and quarantine mechanism,has been launched.Chongqing will actively participate in the reform of customs clearance and check integration,and set up a Shanghai-Chongqing-Sichuan port customs clearance mechanism.As China’s only inland city in SSTL,Chongqing has ensured the efficiency and security of international railway customs clearance.One-window service for international trade has been conducted.We also make efforts to build a complete business processes and public service platform of cross-border e-commerce.The important tasks of deepening the inland openness have been accomplished and a wide range of trade pilots have been approved.

Service Outsourcing: Latecomer with Rapid Development

As one of the 21 service outsourcing model cities,Chongqing has achieved service trade import and export 6.2 billion US dollars,an increase of 22%,of which high-end knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) accounts for 69%,well above the national average.Chongqing service outsourcing started late,but it has developed into a new momentum in import and export.In addition to “made in Chongqing”service,emerging “Chongqing service”also plays an vital role in promoting export-oriented economy.

There are three advantages in Chongqing service outsourcing.The first one is the excellent investment environment.Chongqing’s overall economy develops steadily,gaining increasing international competitiveness.The investment environment is characterized with low taxes,low logistics costs,low factor costs,low house costs and low financing costs.The second one is abundant human resources.A large number of professional universities and colleges covering a broad range of disciplines can provide talents with a good command of professional skills.For example,Yongchuan district has built a service outsourcing park depending on vocational college talents.The first big data pilot parks were established in 2014.The third one is good industrial foundation.With the support of industrial clusters such as electronic information,equipment manufacturing and automobile manufacturing,Chongqing has accelerated the deep integration of industrialization and informatization,forming a service outsourcing industrial distribution.

As the emerging industries such as cloud computing center,global internet of things industry highland,data and disaster recovery center,public robot service platform,West Sound Valley (service outsourcing park),Global Mobile Network Valley and financial back-office begin to take shape,the prospects of Chongqing’s service outsourcing industry are getting broader and more and more “Chongqing Service”will be accepted by the world.

Cross-border E-commerce: A New Star in Foreign Trade

As one of the 5 major cross-border e-commerce model cities,Chongqing has achieved a turnover of 0.2 billion yuan in the first half of this year and the whole year is expected to achieve 0.35 billion yuan.It seems that cross-border e-commerce contributes a small share to the total import and export volume;however,the turnover in half a year is almost three times as much as that in last whole year.Such a rapid development shows that cross-border e-commerce is a new star in export and import in the first half of this year.

The rapid development of cross-border e-commerce lies in the foundation of Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway and bonded ports and the development of air logistics transport.It is also the fruit of “Grasping Two Keys”.The first one is to catch the opportunity to develop cross-border e-commerce.About 100 cross-border e-businesses such as Jingdong,the Global Purchasing and Miababy etc have entered into Chongqing.The second one is build Online 2 Offline pattern to fully utilize the bonded port areas.Online experience and offline order can satisfy customers’buying experience.The foundation of Lianglu cuntan Free Trade Port Area and Xinyong Comprehensive Bonded Zone as well as the opening of International Exhibition and Trading Center have provided important markets for both cross-border B2B and B2C to develop.

Thus it can be seen that as the crossing of “Belt and Road”and Yangtze River Economic Zone,Chongqing is making efforts to build the important support of “Belt and Road”and the western central hub of Yangtze River Economic Zone to expand its opening up.Located in the hinterland of China,Chongqing is ushering in new development opportunities on the export-oriented road and its integration with global economic development track is around the corner..