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闽东北鹫峰山不同退耕还林模式生态效应研究

2015-01-21李式镜

安徽农学通报 2015年1期

李式镜

摘  要:该文对闽东北鹫峰山农地采取不同退耕模式的生态效应进行了研究,通过分析认为,4种退耕模式的草本均能在当年基本覆盖地表,在观测期间植物由1年生演替为多年生。退耕地植被经过7a恢复,植被完全郁闭,能有效控制泥沙流失;采取了退耕措施的区域固土保水能力大于对照区。在观测早期推广的顺序应为自然模式、针阔混交林模式、阔叶林模式、针叶林模式。在观测后期,有乔木参与的植被恢复模式能够形成较复杂的森林植被,其保水固土能力较强,并以针阔混交林模式为最佳。

关键词:鹫峰山;退耕还林模式;植被恢复;生态效应

中图分类号 F326.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2015)01-82-04

Ecological Effect of Different Returning Farmland to Forest Modes of Jiufeng Mountain in the Northeast of Fujian Province

Li Shijing

(Forestry Bureau of Shouning County,Shouning 355500,China)

Abstract:In this paper,the ecological effect of different returning farmland to foresty modes adopting by farmers of Jiufeng Mountain in northeast of Fujian Province were studied. Through the analysis,the results showed the herb of four farmland modes can basically cover the ground. During the period of observation annual plants became perennial plants. After seven years,vegetation of abandoned farmland being canopy,can effectively control the sediment erosion; Soil and water conservation capacity of abandoned farmland  is greater than the control area. In the early of observation,the capacity is natural mode>mixed needle leaf>broad-leaved forest>coniferous forest. Late in the observation,vegetation recovery mode involving with trees brings more complex vegetation,its soil and water conservation capacity is stronger,and the needle mixed model is the best.

Key words:Jiufeng mountain;Returning farmland to forest mode;Vegetation restoration;Ecological effect

闽东北鹫峰山处于闽东赛江流域上游,其在涵养水源、保持水土、稳定河川流量、维护生态平衡等方面有着重要地位。过去由于陡坡耕作引起严重的水土流失,破坏了本地区的生态平衡,严重恶化局部生态环境,因此有必要对陡坡耕作地进行退耕,以期恢复植被保持水土、改善生态环境、建设秀美山川[1-7]。为此,笔者从2008年起在闽东北鹫峰山退耕区开展了不同退耕还林模式的植被恢复及生态效果的监测与研究工作,分析不同退耕还林模式下的功能自然演变过程,探讨不同退耕还林模式的生态效益,为鹫峰山退耕农地的植被恢复及其生态效益提高提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 研究区域的自然概况 鹫峰山脉(海拔100~1 649m)位于福建省寿宁县境内(119°12′~119°44′E,27°16′~27°41′N),属中亚热带海洋性季风气候区,四季分明,温度适中,雨量充沛,全年少旱,年平均气温13~19℃,7月平均气温22~29℃,1月平均气温3~9℃,年降雨量1 900~2 300mm。林地土……

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