张洋

摘  要：为探讨青海省干旱区春油菜发展的新途径，试验研究了滴灌条件下不同播幅对春油菜产量、肥料利用率、水分利用效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明：滴灌条件下春油菜30+30-30播幅的产量、氮肥利用率、磷肥利用率、水分利用率和经济效益均高于20+20-40和25+25-40播幅的。其中，滴灌条件下春油菜30+30-30播幅的产量达到2 940kg/hm2，较另外2种播幅增产率分别为12.64%和15.29%;氮肥利用率达到35.43%，增幅分别为4.51%和2.33%;磷肥利用率达到14.83%，增幅分别为8.49%和5.03%;产值达到18 816元/hm2，增幅分别为12.64%和15.29%;净收益达到9 586元/hm2，增幅分别为28.26%和35.21%。该研究可以为青海省干旱区春油菜的高产栽培和水肥高效利用提供理论依据。

关键词：春油菜;滴灌;播幅;产量

中图分类号 S565.4 文献标识码 A  文章编号 1007-7731（2015）01-37-03

Effects of Different Sowing Width on the Growth and Yield of Spring Rape under Drip Irrigation

Zhang Yang

（Soil and Fertilizer Institute，Qinghai Academy Of Agricultural Forestry Sciences，Xining 810016，China）

Abstract：To explore a new way of spring rape development，a field experiment was conducted to research the effect of different sowing width on spring rape yield，fertilizer use efficiency，water use efficiency and economic benefit under drip-irrigation in arid area of Qinghai province. The results showed that 30+30-30 sowing width spring rape yield，nitrogen use efficiency，phosphate use efficiency，water use efficiency and economic benefits were higher than that of 20+20-40 sowing width and 25+25-40 sowing width under the condition of drip-irrigation. The yield of 30+30-30 sowing spring rape reached to 2 940kg/hm2，increase rate is 12.64% and 15.29% respectively; nitrogen use efficiency reached to 35.43%，improved 4.51% and 2.33% respectively; phosphate reached to 14.83%，improved 8.49% and 5.03% respectively compared with the other two sowing width;water use efficiency reached to 4.43kg/hm2.mm，improved 14.47% and 16.58% respectively;The economic benefit of output value reached 18 816Yuan/hm2，improved 12.64% and 15.29% respectively;net income reached 9 586 Yuan/hm2，improved 28.26% and 35.21% respectively.The study can provide a scientific basis for high yield cultivation，high water and fertilize utilization of spring rape in arid area of Qinghai province.

Key words：Spring rape;Drip-irrigation;Sowing width;Yield

青海省是我国北方春油菜的主产区，该地区海拔高，昼夜温差大，非常适合春油菜的种植，春油菜是当地农牧民赖以生存的传统农作物。然而由于山旱地面积大、干旱缺水以及施肥方式落后等因素的影响，该地区油菜生产中肥料利用率一直徘徊在较低水平，造成了肥料资源的浪费和生产效率的偏低。因此，如何高效合理的利用水肥资源，制定配套耕作制度，就成为了该地区农业实现可持续发展的重要途径之一。

滴灌施肥是基于滴灌系统发展而成的节水、节肥农业工程技术，可以显著提高作物的产量和水肥利用效率[1]，降低养分损失，从而达到高产、优质、高效的目标[2]。目前，春油菜滴灌节水技术在青海省柴达木盆地的研究尚处于空白。……