删《诗》说及其意图阐释
——兼论走出删《诗》说的困惑

谢炳军

(暨南大学 文学院,广东 广州 510632)

摘要：司马迁“孔子删《诗》”说本义是“孔子因《诗》三千余篇数目多、简策多，故删要而排纂成书，定著三百〇五篇，以备王道”，即“去重”是“去多”之意。此说的发端与儒家文化传承和西汉礼教制度等有颇深渊源。追溯诗、书、礼、乐等教本成书的历史、制度、文化的渊薮，郑玄《诗谱序》提出的“王官删《诗》”说可信。自司马迁提出“孔子删《诗》”说，对之的解读逐渐走向碎片化，有了“意图阐释”的意义。其实，孔子删《诗》针对的并非王官们手中的权威的、专业的《诗》文本，而是以王官更新修订的善本为底本，校正自己用以教学的《诗》本。

关键词：诗经；王官删《诗》；孔子删《诗》

收稿日期：*2015-04-02

作者简介：谢炳军(1986-)，男，广东湛江人，暨南大学文学院在读博士研究生，专业方向为先唐文献整理与研究。

中图分类号：I206.2

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1672-335X(2015)05-0122-07

Abstract:The original meaning of Sima Qian's theory of selection of the Book of Songs was that Confucius cut the detailed version of the Book of Songs down to an abridged edition with 305 poems because the number of poems was more than 3000 and employed thousands of bamboo slips. However, the origination of theory was closely related to the heritage of Confucian culture and feudal code of ethics of the Western Han Dynasty. Differently, Zheng Xuan's Shi Pu Xu advanced its own theory that the persons who deleted the Book of Songs were officials of Zhou Dynasty. When tracing back to the formation of the textbooks like the Book of Songs, Shang Shu, the Rites, and Yue Jing, we find that Zheng's theory is more reasonable. However, since Sima Qian put forward his theory, its interpretations have gradually been fragmented with intention by different scholars. In fact, Confucius' did not abridge the dynasty officials' authoritative and professional texts of the Book of Songs but corrected it for teaching by taking the text revised by the officials of Zhou Dynasty as master copy.

傅道彬先生说：“周代文化既包括古典文明的‘前轴心时代’，也包括决定中国文化精神走向的‘轴心时代’，‘前轴心时代’与‘轴心时代’共同构成了周代文化的核心内容。”[1]这指出了朝代更替之际的文化承接性。诗教作为殷、周文化共同的文化活动，必定有其用以诗教的文本，即《诗》教本，殷《诗》教本作为“前轴心时代”的文化载体，对周《诗》教本的文体、格局等有直接的重要影响。对通行本《诗》教本的编辑、修订和最终形成的看法，主要有两个：一是由孔子删《诗》而成；二是王官损益殷《诗》教本而成。前者经各个学者阐述发挥，逐渐走向碎片化的学术格局，被赋予了时代的学术意义，具有了各自时代的文化意蕴。……