洪增林+翟国涛+张步

摘要：针对西部城市土地利用结构不合理等问题，采用层次分析法、线性规划法等，建立土地结构定量评价模型和建设用地最优供应模型；以西安为例，对城市用地结构效能进行定量评价，测算土地最优供应比例。结果表明：西安城市用地结构效能指数为0691，属于潜力级别的Ⅱ级，城市用地结构趋于合理，尚具有进一步优化的空间；优化后的西安商服用地、工矿仓储用地、居住用地、公共管理与公共服务用地、特殊用地、城市交通用地占比分别为107%、257%、222%、189%、40%、185%，适当提高商服、公共管理与公共服务、城市交通用地，降低工矿仓储、居住、特殊用地。最后，提出了西安城市用地结构的优化建议：增加商服用地比例，提升主城区经济发展能力；优化工矿仓储用地布局，引导工业企业入园；放缓商品房供地，优化保障性住房用地结构；适度增加公共管理与公共服务用地，提升城市综合服务功能；增加城市交通用地面积，提高配套服务水平。

关键词：土地利用；效能评价；最优供应；指标体系；模型；西部城市；西安

中图分类号：F301.2文献标志码：A

Study on Urban Land Use Structure Optimization in Western China: Taking Xian as an Example

HONG Zenglin1,2, ZHAI Guotao2, ZHANG Bu2

(1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Changan University, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, China;

2. School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, Shaanxi, China)

Abstract: In order to improve the urban land use structure in western China, based on analytic hierarchy process, linear programming method, etc., the quantitative evaluation model for land use structure and optimal supply model for construction land were built. Taking Xian as an example, the efficiency of urban land use structure was quantitatively evaluated, and the ratio of land use optimal supply was measured. The results show that efficiency index of urban land use structure in Xian is 0691, belonging to the second potential level; urban land use structure trends to be more reasonable but with a certain number of optimization further; after the optimization, the ratios of business service land, industrial warehouse land, residential land, public managementservice land, special use land and urban transportation land are 107%, 257%, 222%, 189%, 40% and 185%; business service land, public managementservice land and urban transportation land are increased suitably, and the other types are decreased. Finally, the optimizing suggestions for urban land use structure in Xian are increasing the business service land to improve the development of economy of main urban area, optimizing the distribution of industrial warehouse land to guide the enterprise into the industrial park, slowing the supplement of commercial residential building land to optimize the indemnificatory housing land structure, increasing the public managementservice land suitably to improve the urban synthetic service function, and increasing the urban transportation land to improve the support service level.

Key words: land use; efficiency evaluation; optimal supply; indicator system; model; urban in western China; Xian

0引言

在国家西部大开发政策和重点发展西部经济政策的背景下，西部地区的土地利用和用地结构越来越受到重视。2013年9月，国家主席习近平在出访中亚四国时，提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”的新主张，这是党中央加快向西开放战略的新举措，对于西部城市加快发展带来千载难逢的历史机遇［1］。目前，西部地区的土地结构同东部地区和发达国家城市相比还有一定距离，具有较大的优化空间。……