邵艳

as是英语中使用频率极高的一个词，这是由它强大的功能所决定的。正是因为它句法功能和语义功能太多，用法复杂，而且常常和有些句型混淆，使得有些同学在理解和使用过程中常常感到茫然。因此，这里仅对as引导从句中的若干常见用法及常常被混淆的情况进行讨论，使同学们对它能有更好的了解和掌握。

一、as可作为关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句

1.引导限定性定语从句，既可以代物也可以代人，此时被修饰的先行词前面往往有the same，such，so，形式为：the same...as...， such...as...，so...as...。这些结构可译为“和……一样的”，“……样的”， “……之类的”等。例如：

Dont read such books as will be harmful to your mind.不要读这种对你思想有害的书。（关系代词as做主语）

This is not such a good engine as l expected to be.这并不是我想象中那样好的发动机。（关系代词as做表语）

Here is so difficult a problem as none of us can solve.这个问题太难我们都无法解决。（关系代词as做宾语）

Melted iron is poured into the mixer much in the same way as tea is poured into a cup from a teapot. 铁水倒进熔铁炉里就像把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯—样。（关系副词as做方式状语）

Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday. 请到昨天见面的那个地方来见我。（关系副词as做地点状语）

【注意事项】：

①注意区分the same... as...和the same... that...

当表示“相似”时，多用as，避免使用that；表示“同一”时，多用that，但也可以用as。例如：

This coffee is the same as we had at Mrs Dawsons. 这咖啡和我们在道森夫人家喝的一样。

He works in the same shop that/as I do. 他和我在同一家商店工作。

②注意区分such/so...as...和such/so...that...。

这里的as 是关系词，引导的是定语从句，所以不仅引导从句，还要在从句中代表先行词充当一个成分。而that 是连词，引导的是结果状语从句，仅仅是引导从句的作用。两者的意思也不一样，前者意为“……样的/之类的”， 后者意为“如此……以至于……”。例如：

Tom is so good a student as is often praised by the teacher. 汤姆是那种常常受到老师表扬的好学生。（as代表先行词在定语从句中作主语）

Jack is so smart a boy that he can work out difficult mathes problems quickly. 杰克是个如此聪明的孩子，以至于他能快速地解出数学难题。（that只起引导从句的连接作用，不在从句中充当任何句子成分。）

2. 引导非限定性定语从句，常代表整个主句的意思，有时也代表主句的一部分， （不能指代某个名词或代词）；位置灵活，可以放在主句前、后或中间；在从句中作主语或宾语且有“正如”的意思。

As our teacher points out，that book is of benefit to everyone.正如我们老师所指出的那样，那本书对大家是有好处的。

This machine， as might be expected， has stopped operating.正如可能预料到的那样，这台机器坏了。

这种用法的常见表达有：

as has been said before 如前所述

as is well known 众所周知

as we know 正如我们知道的那样

as everyone can see 正如大家所看到的那样

as is often the case 正如通常的情况那样

【注意事项】

Which也常常引导非限定性定语从句，不仅可以代表主句中某个先行词，也可代表整个主句的意思，或代表主句的一部分。当代表整个主句或主句部分内容时，有时可和as互换，但也有以下不同：

①as 有“正如；如同”的意思，而which 不具有；

Kate was late for school again， as often happened. 正如常常发生的那样，凯特上学又迟到了。

②as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，which可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后；

③在非限制性定语从句做主语时which可用各类动词做谓语，as的谓语常为系动词，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行为动词。例如：

He saw the girl， which delighted him. 他见到了这个女孩，这令他很高兴。

He didnt say anything at the meeting， as/which seemed very strange. 他在会上一言不发，这有点奇怪。endprint

④从句中的谓语动词是否定形式或否定意义时，常用which 。例如：

He can write a letter in English， which I can not. 他会写英文信，而我不会。

He said he had passed the exam， which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试，这不是真的。

二、as可作为连词引导状语从句

1. 引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同；像……一样”， 前面常常被just修饰。例如：

The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空气的不存在也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁，而不像从地球上看的那样。

Leave the things as they are. 别动这些东西。

Always do to the others as you would be done to. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

Just as radar is to airplanes and ships， so eyes are to human body.雷达对飞机和轮船就好象眼睛对人的身体一样。

【注意事项】

还有另外一种由as 引导的方式状语从句，其结构可以简单地归结为“as+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”，其实也是一种倒装结构，此时as可以换成so， 表示从句的主语也具有前面主句相同的情况，即“……也是如此”。例如：

Anyone who hasnt read the book will find this movie rather confusing， as will anyone who has. 无论是看过小说原著还是没有看过小说原著的人，都会觉得这电影相当混乱。

Our eating habits have changed， as has our way of life. 我们的饮食习惯和生活方式都发生了变化。

2. 引导时间状语从句，可译为“当……时；随着”等。

We do not necessarily grow wiser as we grow older.我们未必会随着年龄的增大而变得越来越聪明。

3. 引导原因状语从句，可译为“由于；因为……”等。其语气不如because强，通常为附加说明的理由，且是已知晓的原因，相当于since， seeing that。例如：

As she was not well， I went there alone. 因为她身体不好，所以我独自到那里去了。

As he is a tailor， he knows what to do with this material. 他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布料。

As the weather was fine， l opened all the windows.由于天气很好，所以我把所有的窗户都打开了。

4. 引导比较状语从句，用于比较句型“as...as...”可译为“与……一样……”； 否定式为“not+so/as...as...”可译为“不如/没有……（那样）……” 。第一个as是程度副词，修饰实义的形容词或副词；第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。

This dress is prettier，but it costs twice as much as that one.这件衣服比那件漂亮，但价格是那件的两倍。

5. 引导让步状语从句，可译为“虽然；尽管”。但从句必须倒装， 通常把从句的表语、状语或谓语部分的实意动词放在as前面。此时可以换成though。例如：

Child as he is， he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的东西很多。

Impossible as it seems， it is true. 虽然似乎不太可能，但却是真的。

Hard as it was raining， they went on working in the field. 虽然天下大雨，但他们继续在田地里干活。

Fail in the election as he did， he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了， 但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出名了。

【注意事项】

①与though和although引导让步状语从句的区别：

as引导倒装语序的从句，although引导正常语序的从句，而though既可引导正常语序又可引导倒装语序；

Although I like the appearance of the house， what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful view through the window.虽然我喜欢这房子的外观，但真正让我决定买的原因是窗外美丽的景色。

Man as/though he is ， he behaves like a woman. 尽管他是个男的，但举手投足却像个女人。

②as在引导倒装语序的让步状语从句时，如果是单数的名词作表语放在as前，要去掉冠词，即采用零冠词。例如：

King as he is， he is unhappy. 尽管他是一国之君，但他并不开心。endprint

由上可见，仅仅as引导从句的用法就多而繁杂，除此以外，as 还可以作副词或介词，还经常出现在一些固定结构中，如，as well as，such as，as if等等。由于篇幅有限，在此就不做赘述。总之，我们一定不要小瞧了这个英语中功能最强大的词——as.

1. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

A. who B. that

C. as D. which

2. Jim passed the driving test， surprised everybody in the office.

A. which B. that

C. this D. it

3. I explained on the phone ， your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. Which B. When

C. What D. As

4. is reported in the newspaper， talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As

C. That D. What

5. Hes such a lazy man in our company nobody wants to work with .

A. as； him B. that； /

C. as； / D. whom； him

6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， of course， made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which

C. this D. what

7. Chongqing is not the same city we have seen in other places.

A.that B. which

C. 不填 D. as

8. —Robert， is this yours？

—Yes， its just the same Walkman I lost on the playground yesterday.

A. which B. what

C. as D. that

9. ， I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled

B. Now that I have traveled so much

C. Much as I have traveled

D. As I have traveled so much

10. ， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting .

A. Strange as might it sound

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange is might sound

D. Strange as it might sound

1～5 DADBC 6～10 BDBCAendprint