黑龙江省大豆单产影响因素和技术效率分析
2014-08-28张战国杨振华左鹏戚国强
张战国 杨振华 左鹏 戚国强
摘要:通过构建大豆随机前沿生产函数模型和技术效率损失函数模型,计算出1980-2010年黑龙江省大豆生产的平均技术效率为0.926 544,大豆产量还有一定的增长空间;根据各生产要素的弹性系数变化趋势可知,提高种子投入和化肥投入能够有效提高大豆单产。技术效率损失函数的影响因素分析结果显示,旱灾率对技术效率的影响较大,因此提高技术效率需要加强农田水利建设,另外在提高大豆面积占作物面积的比重的同时,应加强机械化投入和科学管理。
关键词:大豆单产;前沿随机生产函数;技术效率;黑龙江省
中图分类号:F326.12 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2014)13-3191-04
Influencing Factors and Technical Efficiency of Soybean Single Yield
in Heilongjiang Province
ZHANG Zhan-guo1, YANG Zhen-hua2, ZUO Peng1, QI Guo-qiang1
(1.College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; 2.Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China)
Abstract: Soybean stochastic frontier production function model and technical efficiency loss function model were established. The average technical efficiency of soybean was 0.926 544 during the period of 1980-2010 in Heilongjiang province. Soybean production had a certain room for growth. According to the variation trend of the elastic coefficient of production factors, improving input of seed and fertilizer can effectively increase the soybean single yield. The analysis of influencing factors of technical efficiency function showed that drought rate had big influence on the technical efficiency. Increasing technical efficiency needs to strengthen the construction of irrigation and water conservancy. Improving the area proportion of soybean crop should enhance the input of mechanization and scientific management at the same time.
Keywords: soybean yield; stochastic frontier production function; technical efficiency; Heilongjiang province
大豆是黑龙江省的主栽作物,在黑龙江省有多年的栽培历史,其种植面积和总产量都约占全国的1/3[1]。受种植效益相对较低及种植结构调整政策引导,黑龙江省大豆种植面积近年来逐年减少,产量受到较大的影响。目前,我国大豆单产水平仅占世界平均水平的75%左右,大豆单产还存在着很大的提升空间。相较大豆种植面积而言,研究与黑龙江省大豆单产相关的影响因素和增长的潜力有着十分重要的意义。
大豆单产受技术水平和技术效率的影响较大。所谓技术效率,就是在生产技术不变、市场价格不变的条件下,按照既定的要素投入比例,生产一定量产品所需的最小成本占实际成本的百分比[2]。前沿生产函数反映了在具体的技术条件和给定生产要素的组合下,生产单位各投入组合与最大产出量之间的函数关系。……
