名词性从句考点探析
2014-07-23吴小法
吴小法
【专题导航】
名词性从句在整个句子里面主要起名词的作用,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,近年的高考各套试题都有所涉及,且每年的命题各有变化,但高考题中所涉及的名词性从句主要聚焦在如下一些考点上。
考点一:what引导的名词性从句是高考设题的热点
what不但有意义,而且要在句中充当成分,也就是说,what引导的从句在句中要充当主语、宾语、表语,同时what还要在从句中充当宾语、主语、表语或定语,只要符合这两个条件,就得用what引导。
【典例1】 makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. (2013年北京卷)
A. ThatB. What
C. WhoD. Which
【解析】B。由句子结构可知:“ makes the book so extraordinary”是主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故用what。主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数is。
【典例2】 Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. (2013年全国Ⅰ卷)
A. whichB. where
C. howD. what
【解析】D。“appears to be the lost ancient statue”是宾语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故选关系代词what。
【典例3】Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine inthey are wearing. (2013年上海卷)
A. that B. what
C. how D. which
【解析】B。“ they are wearing”是介词in的宾语,且从句中缺少宾语,填what。
【典例4】—Id like to start my own business —thatsId do if I had the money.
A. why B. when
C. which D. what
【解析】D。“ Id do”是表语从句,所填词在从句中作do的宾语,指物,用what。
注意:what等引导主语从句的句子谓语一般用单数。如果表达复数内容,谓语用复数。如:
①What we need are many learned students. 我们需要的是许多学识渊博的学生。
②What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。
【典例1】 I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. (2013年天津卷)
A. That B. Which
C. WhetherD. What
【解析】D。从句“ I want to tell you”作主语,句子的谓语动词是is(单数)。
【典例2】you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. (2013年四川卷)
A. WhenB. How
C. WhatD. That
【解析】C。从句“ you said at the meeting”作主语,谓语是describes(单数)。
考点二:that引导的名词性从句是高考设题的重点
that从句表示的是一个事实,它引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。that只起连接词作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。
【典例1】Experts believepeople can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. (2013年北京卷)
A. whyB. where
C. thatD. what
【解析】C。……