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《莱茵报》时期马克思对物质利益的初步探索

2014-07-21肖燕飞胡峰

肖燕飞+胡峰

摘要:马克思对人类社会发展的一大贡献在于发现了人类社会发展的客观规律,他在考察人类社会发展规律时,不同于前人之处在于是以现实的物质生产作为社会历史的发源地,《莱茵报》时期马克思对物质利益进行了初步探索。在《关于出版自由和公布等级会议记录的辩论》中,马克思开始接触现实物质利益问题,从而迫使其在此决定性问题上有了初步突破,但还是从精神自由出发来谈出版自由;在《关于林木盗窃法的辩论》中,马克思开始从精神领域跨入物质领域,接触客观物质利益,并发现了物质利益的作用;在《摩泽尔记者的辩护》中,马克思开始把出版自由与物质利益结合起来考察,并指出社会生活具有客观必然性。

关键词:《莱茵报》;物质利益;探索

中图分类号:A71

文献标识码:A文章编号:

16721101(2014)01001004

收稿日期:2013-06-13

作者简介:肖燕飞(1981-),女,湖南益阳人,讲师,博士,研究方向:马克思主义与当代社会发展。

Marxs preliminary exploration of the material interests in the Rhine Daily period

XIAO Yan-fei1,HU Feng2

(1.Ministry of Marxism-Leninism, Hubei Institute of Fine Arts School of Marxism, Wuhan 430205,China;2.Industrial Cooperative Association of Wuhan City, Wuhan 430000, China)

Abstract:The major contribution of Marx to the development of human society is to have discovered the objective laws of the development of human society. When he was examining the law of the development of human society, different from the forefathers, Marx took the realistic material production for the birthplace of social history and preliminarily explored material interests in the Rhine Daily period. In his Debates about the Freedom of Press and Releasing Rank Conference Records, Marx began to contact the real material interest problem and made the preliminary breakthrough in this crucial issue, but he still explored the freedom of press from the angle of spiritual freedom. In his Debates over the Act of Wood Theft, Marx moved from the spiritual field into the material field, contacted the objective material interests, and found the function of material interests. In Moselle Reporter Defense, Marx began to combine the freedom of the press and material interests, pointing out that the social life is of inevitable objectivity.

Key words: Rhine Daily; material interests; exploration

“正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样,马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律”[1]374。当然马克思的贡献不仅仅在于肯定了人类社会发展规律的存在,更重要的是首次把“尘世的粗糙的物质生产”看作“历史的发源地”[2]191,即是以现实的人的物质资料生产作为其社会发展规律思想的生长点和逻辑起点,从而揭示了人类社会的存在基石和发展规律。在马克思之前,从来都没有人系统科学地揭示人类社会发展规律。

针对威廉四世1841年12月24日颁布新的书报检查令,年轻的马克思敏锐地看到了这个新的书报检查令的实质,写下第一篇政论性文章《评普鲁士最近的书报检查令》以抨击扼杀出版自由的书报检查制度。……

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