毛宇峰等

摘要：设计了一种适用于处理农村分散型生活污水的生态净化系统，主要由沉淀/厌氧、柳树/土壤两个处理单元构成。其特征在于，一级处理过程是梯级沉淀与厌氧消化同时进行，沉淀池在起到调节水量作用的同时，于停留期内形成厌氧反应，利用微生物生命过程中的代谢活动，将有机物分解转化为简单的无机物，使其转化成小分子有机酸、

关键词：农村生活污水；生态净化；柳树；无动力

中图分类号：X703 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）02-0426-04

Design and Application of a Willow Purification System of Rural Sewage

MAO Yu-feng1，WANG Hai-yun1，DENG Jie1，HE Ke1，XIAO Yao2

（1.College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering， China Three Gorges University，Yichang 443002，Hubei，China；

2.Zigong Light Industry Design and Research Institute，Zigong 643000，Sichuan， China）

Abstract： A suitable ecological purification system was designed for dealing with hilly rural sewage， mainly consisted of two parts of precipitation-anaerobicand tree-soil. Its features were that the first process was the cascade of precipitation and simultaneous anaerobic digestion. The sedimentation basin could adjust water yield， and anaerobic reaction would happen in stay period meanwhile. Organics would be resolved into simple inorganics by microbial metabolic activity， and made into small molecular organic acids， CO2， H2， CH4 and so on. The second waste water treatment unit worked mainly by willow purification. Soil treatment and filtering could also help treat waste water. Organic matter in sewage could be absorbed， adsorbed， fixed and decomposed by the comprehensive effects of tree roots， soil and microbe. The TP， TN and COD of water would be greatly reduced. According to the model test， the willow purification system could greatly reduce the TP， TN and COD. The average removal rate of COD， TPand TN were 91.18%， 86.13% and 86.85%， respectively.

Key words： rural water pollution； ecological purification； willow； no power

据相关统计表明，全国农村每年产生生活污水约200亿m3，绝大部分直接排放，严重污染了农村地区的水环境[1]。农村生活污水无害化处理是社会主义新农村建设的客观要求，其处理方式必须符合经济高效和简便易行的原则。在这种情况下，污水生态处理技术、厌氧技术等由于能耗低、运行管理方便而逐渐被引起重视[2]。但以前的研究中像人工湿地一类的生态处理技术多侧重于一年生或多年生草本植物，对多年生木本植物的研究相对较少，一年生或多年生草本植物对污染水体的短期净化效果较好，但因其每年都要收割重植，对于一个长期的净化过程来说，会在管理上带来不便[3]。

柳树用于生物修复的研究工作始于20世纪90年代，目前柳树环保林的营建与应用已在欧洲和美洲大陆逐步盛行。柳树可以对重金属污染、有机物污染、水体富营养化进行修复，用于土壤污染、水体污染、大气污染的生物修复[4]。……