海南省乐东县橡胶园土壤养分的空间变异特征研究
2014-04-29高乐等
高乐等
摘 要 通过GIS和地统计学相结合的方法研究海南省乐东县橡胶园土壤速效氮、磷和钾含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:(1)土壤速效氮、磷、钾具有强烈或中等程度的空间自相关性,相关距离变化范围为1 623~61 100 m,块金值/基台值变化范围为4.7%~49.97%;(2)0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,速效氮、钾养分第四、第五等级分布面积较广,0~20 cm土层速效磷含量第四等级、20~40 cm土层速效磷含量第五等级分布较广;(3)不同土壤类型上,速效氮、磷和钾含量差异不显著,地形地貌和成土母质主要影响速效氮和速效钾含量,而速效磷含量主要受人为管理措施的影响;(4)乐东县胶园土壤速效氮、磷、钾养分含量缺乏,空间结构特征明显,在县级尺度进行养分的宏观分区管理切实可行。
关键词 地统计学;GIS;速效氮;速效磷;速效钾;空间变异
中图分类号 S151.9 文献标识码 A
Abstract By the combinative method of GIS and geostatistics, the spatial variability characteristic and influencing factors of soil available nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)were studied in Ledong, Hainan. The result showed that:(1)AN, AP and AK contents had strong or moderate spatial dependence, the range of spatial dependence was between 1 623 m and 61 100 m, and the proportional range of C0/C0+C was between 4.7% and 49.97%;(2)The distribution area of AN and AK was wide in the 4th in and 5th grades, the 4th grade of AP in soil layer of 0-20 cm and the 5th grade in 20-40 cm soil layer were widely distributed;(3)The content of AN, AP and AK was not significantly different among different soil types; Landform and soil parent mainly influenced the content of AN and AK, but AP mainly being influenced by management measures;(4)The content of AN, AP and AK which had obvious spatial structure characteristics in rubber plantation in Ledong was lacking, so macro partition management of nutrient in county scale was practicable.
Key words Geostatistics; GIS; Soil available N; Soil available P; Soil available K; Spatial variability
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.11.003
了解土壤养分状况是土壤管理的基础。由于土壤是一个自然连续体,土壤属性具有空间连续性和变异性特征,随着20世纪60年代以区域化变量理论为基础的地统计分析方法和3S技术的发展,国内外众多学者应用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法对不同尺度或不同作物上土壤性质的空间差异性进行了大量研究[1-8],但利用地统计学研究橡胶园土壤养分空间变异的报道较少,仅池富旺等[9]、王博等[10]和林清火等[11]研究了田块尺度或农场尺度土壤养分的空间变异,杨昭君等[12]研究了县域尺度的土壤钾素的空间变异状况。目前,海南省橡胶园土壤管理还是基于在20世纪90年代土壤肥力区化[13],在大区域、大尺度上研究橡胶园土壤养分空间变异,从而进行橡胶园合理土壤管理对海南省天然橡胶生产有着重要的意义。……
