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不完美排错SRGM研究

2014-04-29张策崔刚孟凡超刘宏伟

智能计算机与应用 2014年2期

张策 崔刚 孟凡超 刘宏伟

摘 要:软件可靠性增长模型SRGM可对测试与运行阶段的可靠性进行度量、预测与保证。不完美排错SRGM能够更加准确地建模实际测试过程,获得了广泛研究。首先介绍了随机过程类模型中的NHPP基本概念与假设。接着,从三个阶段全面回顾了不完美排错研究历程。进一步,给出了若干典型的不完美排错SRGM的建模与累计故障检测函数的求解形式。最后将从排错的不完全性,引入新故障的角度建立的不完美排错模型:IID-SRGM与现有的模型进行比较,优于其它模型。

关键词:软件可靠性;非齐次泊松过程;软件可靠性增长模型;不完美排错

中图分类号:TP311 文献标识号:A 文章编号:2095-2163(2014)02-

Study of Imperfect Debugging Dependent SRGM

ZHANG Ce1,2, CUI Gang1, MENG Fanchao2, LIU Hongwei1

(1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;2 School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong Weihai 264209, China)

Abstract: Software reliability growth model can be used to measure, predict and ensure reliability in testing and operation stage. Imperfect debugging (ID) dependent SRGM can describe real testing process in detail and has obtained a wide range of research. First, the basic concepts and assumptions of Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process based on stochastic process are discussed. From three stages, ID research is overviewed completely. Furthermore, modelling process of ID dependent SRGM and the solution of cumulative fault detection function are presented. Finally, the special ID model: IID-SRGM considering incomplete debugging and introduction of new faults is compared with the others and performs better.

Keywords: Software Reliability; Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process; SRGM; Imperfect Debugging

0 引言

SRGMs(Software Reliability Growth Models)主要应用在软件测试阶段和操作运行阶段,其通过获得的历史数据,借助不同的建模手段,建立用以描述测试与运行阶段故障检测、排除、资源分配等相关的数学表达式,可帮助软件工程师提高可靠性的度量与预测能力的准确性[1]。

实际的软件开发过程,尤其对于大规模复杂系统,被检测到的故障要经历报告、诊断、改正与验证环节[2,3]。由于其高复杂性,排错人员的经验及熟练度差异,包括排错环境等因素则使得故障排除过程不可忽略[4],排错过程是不完美的,引入新故障的可能性也是存在的。基于此,不完美排错的提出与应用,即将使得软件可靠性的分析更加贴近了实际情况,因而也随之得到了广泛研究。有些文献又进一步指出[5-9],故障排除过程是不彻底的,即已检测到的故障不可能都被修复完成;……

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