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瓜类及蔬菜等植物病原细菌抗铜机制研究进展

2014-04-29李强杨玉文孙柏欣王铁霖赵廷昌胡俊

中国瓜菜 2014年3期

李强 杨玉文 孙柏欣 王铁霖 赵廷昌 胡俊

摘 要: 铜素杀菌剂是一类主要用于防治细菌性病害的杀菌剂,特别是防治瓜类细菌性果斑病的主要杀菌剂,然而由于此类杀菌剂的广泛使用,使细菌的耐药性随之增强。对近几年阐述较为清晰的几种细菌的抗铜机制进行概述,主要包括Cop系统、Cut系统、Pco系统、Cus系统、P型ATP酶排出系统、非ATP酶排出系统和多聚磷酸盐参与的铜外排系统,旨在为瓜类细菌性果斑病抗铜机制研究和科学使用铜素杀菌剂提供参考。

关键词: 瓜类细菌性果斑病; 杀菌剂; 抗铜机制

Advances in Copper Resistant Mechanisms of Cucurbit and Vegetable Pathogenic Bacteria

LI Qiang1,2, YANG Yu-wen2, SUN Bai-xin2, WANG Tie-lin2, ZHAO Ting-chang2, HU Jun1

(1. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010019, China; 2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)

Abstract: Copper is a bactericide used for preventing bacterial diseases, especially in the prevention of watermelon bacterial fruit blotch(BFB). However,wide use of copper chemicals has enhanced bacteria to develop tolerance to copper. The research of copper tolerance genes and mechanism of copper tolerance in bacteria are summarized in this paper. We mainly describe cop system,cut system,pco system,cus system,P type ATPase removal system,non-P type ATPase removal system and polyphosphates removal system in this article. We want to provide references for further study of copper tolerance mechanisms of BFB and the rationale of proper use of copper bactericides.

Key words: Bacterial Fruit Blotch; Bactericides; Copper tolerance mechanisms

铜是细菌维持正常新陈代谢所必需的元素,微量的铜是细菌中一些酶不可或缺的成分,如细胞色素氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和赖氨酸氧化酶等。但是,当铜浓度过高时,会对细菌产生毒害作用,因为铜能参与细胞生化反应产生活性氧簇,破坏细胞内的金属键与金属平衡,它还能与生物大分子如蛋白质等结合,影响其正常的生理功能及活性[1]。因此,利用铜对细菌的毒害作用,研制出了铜素杀菌剂。铜素杀菌剂在农业生产中是一类重要的杀菌剂,随着该类杀菌剂的广泛使用,特别是由于一些耐铜菌株的出现[2],导致铜素杀菌剂的用量随之提高,但铜属于重金属元素,长期大量使用会积聚于土壤中,破坏土壤微生物群落的生态环境,使农作物产生药害,危害人类健康[3-5]。而瓜类和蔬菜对许多药剂敏感,更加容易发生药害,尤其是苗期抗药力弱,用药应十分慎重。……

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